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Household Wastewater Systems

Household Wastewater Systems. Typical Waste Water System. Well. Renovated Wastewater. Minimum Lot Size for Wastewater Disposal Systems. Wastewater System Components. Water-tight sewer lines Septic tank Disposal system Subsurface drain field Absorption trenches Infiltration chambers

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Household Wastewater Systems

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  1. Household Wastewater Systems

  2. Typical Waste Water System Well Renovated Wastewater

  3. Minimum Lot Size for Wastewater Disposal Systems

  4. Wastewater System Components • Water-tight sewer lines • Septic tank • Disposal system • Subsurface drain field • Absorption trenches • Infiltration chambers • ET/Absorption trenches • Aerobic system with sprinkler • Total retention lagoons • Pre-approved alternative disposal systems

  5. Screen vent pipe opening to prevent blockage by birds, squirrels, etc. • Household Plumbing Sewer and Vent System • Sewer lines in the house collect waste water for conveyance to the septic tank • Roof vents and the traps under sinks, tubs, showers, toilets and wall/floor drains prevent sewer gas from entering the house. Main Sewer Pipe

  6. Septic Tank • All household wastewater systems will have a septic tank • Microbial action digests solid wastes • Liquids flow through tank to disposal area • Tank size • 1000 gallon liquid capacity (4-BR house or less) • Add 250 gallons per additional bedroom

  7. Typical Septic Tank Installation Two-Chamber Tank Baffles House Foundation

  8. Effluent Disposal Area Options • Absorption field • Absorption trenches • Infiltration chambers • ET/Absorption trenches • Lagoons • Aerobic systems • Authorized alternative systems

  9. Subsurface Absorption Field Approval • Percolation Test • 3 test holes in drainage area perc at a rate of 60 min/inch of water or faster • Soil Profile Description • 3 test holes without any of the following: • (1) impervious material (bedrock, clay pan) • (2) water saturated soil (discoloration) • (3) loamy coarse sand or coarser soil, or • (4) sandy clay or finer soil

  10. Cross-Section of Subsurface Absorption Trench 8-ft minimum distance to center of next trench Perforated Pipe

  11. 150’ MAX.

  12. Lateral lines following the slope contour 150’ max. length

  13. Aerobic Systems • Used to treat septic tank effluent where subsurface disposal is not possible • Bubbling air through effluent supports aerobic bacteria for further digestion • Exposure to oxygen kills most pathogens • Chlorination allows surface land application of wastewater through sprinklers

  14. Onsite Aerobic Treatment System Onsite aerobic treatment systems treat septic tank effluent further by aerobic digestion, chlorination to kill pathogens, and surface application through a spray head sprinkler system. (Septic Tank)

  15. EFFLUENT FROM SEPTIC TANK WASTEWATER TO CHLORINATOR & SPRINKLERS DIFFUSER Typical Aeration Chamber of Aerobic Treatment System

  16. Pump Chamber and Surface Application System Spray Heads Access Hatch Pump Pump Control & Alarm Floats

  17. Regular green stripes in a dry lawn are the lateral lines

  18. Household Water Use • Typical Usage: 50-100 gallons/person-day • Clothes washer: 30-50 gallons/load • Dishwasher: 7-15 gallons/load • Garbage Disposal: 4 - 6 gallons/day • Shower/Bathtub: 25-60 gallons/use • Ordinary toilet: 1.6 - 5 gallons/flush • Water softener: 50-100 gallons/regeneration

  19. Biological Bacteria Yeast Enzymes Combination Chemical Acids Bases Organic Solvents Flocculants Septic System Additives

  20. Biological Additives • Will not eliminate need for tank pumping • 20% of sludge is inorganic (indigestible) • Billions of bacteria live in septic tanks-- a few million more have little effect • If natural bacteria have been killed, added bacteria will die also • Normal population is restored in 30-60 hours even if 99.99% has been killed

  21. Waste Water System FailuresCommon Causes • Hydraulic overloading (too much water) • Solids migration to drain field • Failure to pump tank on schedule • Baffle failure • Root intrusion into sewer lines • Traffic damage to drain field • Garbage disposal overuse

  22. Reducing Hydraulic Loading • Equipment Adjustments • Low flow toilets (1.6 gpf and 0.6 gpf) • Water-saving showerheads • Front-loading washing machines • Lifestyle Adjustments • Shower vs. bath • Distribute laundry loads throughout week • Distribute bathing morning & evening • Full loads only for washer & dishwasher

  23. If you don’t maintain your on-site wastewater system, it will demand your attention when it is most inconvenient.

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