Overview of Polio Legacy Transition Planning Stephen Cochi, MD, MPH

1. Overview of Polio Legacy Transition Planning Stephen Cochi, MD, MPH Polio Legacy Management Group, GPEI India Expert Advisory Group Meeting on Polio Eradication 20 March 2015

2. Polio Endgame Strategic Plan 2013-18 • Objective 1 • Polio virus detection and interruption • Objective 2 • Immunization systems strengthening and OPV withdrawal • Objective 3 • Containment and certification • Objective 4 • Legacy planning • “…ensure that the investments made to eradicate poliomyelitis contribute to future health goals, through a programme of work to systematically document and transition the knowledge, lessons learned and assets of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative… establishment of a comprehensive polio legacy strategic plan by no later than end-2015.”

3. What is Polio Legacy Planning? Legacy Planning: Main Elements • Mainstream Essential Polio Functions • Define needs up to eradication and beyond • Develop plans at country/global level • Capture & Disseminate Lessons Learned • Through Stakeholder Consultations • Documentation and Dissemination mechanisms • Map polio program assets & capabilities • Transition of capacities, processes, assets • Develop Global Legacy Framework • Support Development of Regional/Country/Agency Legacy Plans

4. Legacy Planning: Lessons Learned Lessons Learned: Objectives • Document the lessons learned and knowledge generated through >25 years of polio eradication. • Ensure that the lessons learned and knowledge generated are shared with other health initiatives. • Document how polio infrastructure is currently contributing to other immunization/public health priorities (so-called “Legacy in Action”) • Each country has unique circumstances and experiences, and would benefit from doing its own “Lessons Learned” documentation exercise

5. Global Progress in Legacy Planning • Development of an ‘Evidence Base’ • Capabilities, Functions, Assets & Contributions to other priorities • Pilot Planning Studies conducted in DRC & Nepal • Tolearn how transition planning could work in different settings • Draft Transition Guidelines • To guide countries in the development of legacy transition plans • Draft Global Framework to WHA • Outlines proposed phased approach to legacy planning • Polio Partners Group Legacy Workshop – October 2014 • Guidance on direction and content

6. Survey of country-level polio program managers in 5 countries shows significant time spent supporting other health priorities Estimated time allocation of polio-funded workers by country 100% 5% 3% 5% 4% 5% 1% 0% 1% 1% 1% 3% 5% 3% 4% 5% 7% 2% 6% 2% 0% 1% 3% 6% 1% 2% 3% 3% 4% 1% 2% 9% 1% 1% 4% 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% 2% 1% 4% 75% 18% 19% 28% 26% 28% 23% 11% 20% 50% 11% 12% 14% 21% 54% 25% 44% 43% 42% 39% 31% 0% DRC Nepal India Ethiopia Somalia Overall Polio New vaccine introduction MNCH & nutrition Other diseases & programs Measles & rubella Child health days/weeks Health systems strengthening Routine immunization Sanitation & hygiene Natural disasters & crises 1.Eligible population excludes assistants, secretaries, drivers, clerks, back office support (e.g. HR, finance, IT), and Rotary volunteers Source: Polio Legacy Survey

7. GPEI program personnel are focused in endemic countries and transitioning countries Endemic country Current/ recent outbreak (2013-2014) Transition (last case 2011-2012) Mid-term polio free (last case 2001-2010) Long term polio free (last case 2000 or before) No GPEI personnel present Headcount 16,982 17,000 10,447 996 407 500 258 0 Endemic Recent outbreak Transition Mid-term free Long-term free Source: GPEI Partner databases

8. Pilot case study In Nepal, polio-funded IPD division is backbone ofsurveillance activities and only surveillance for VPDs Immunization Preventable Disease (IPD) program provides surveillance IPD 's network is an integral part of Nepal's public health system • IPD is a critical part of the surveillance and data systems in Nepal • EWARS: Early warning and reporting system tracks vector borne diseases like malaria and dengue through passive surveillance • HMIS: Health Management & Information System (part of government) collects health data from different surveillance networks and hospital sites • IPD: Immunization Preventable Disease program provides tracking of vaccine preventable diseases via passive surveillance, active monitoring, and case investigation • Without IPD, it is likely the coverage of VPDs in Nepal would significantly degrade • IPD represents WHO polio program in Nepal, and is focused mainly on surveillance • 15 surveillance officers, 6 technical officers, and 36 support staff • Originally focused on AFP surveillance, but expanded purview in 2003 to include other diseases (which are still monitored today) • AFP • Measles and rubella like cases • Acute encephalitis syndrome for Japanese encephalitis • Neonatal tetanus "Without IPD, without the SMOs, surveillance would just go away in Nepal" - Government of Nepal official

9. India--Support other priority health areas • Routine immunization • Key thematic areas for engagement of polio workforce to support RI identified • Measles elimination and Rubella control by 2020 • Support provided for expansion of lab based MR surveillance in 25 states • Support provided for measles campaigns Laboratory Based Measles/Rubella Surveillance Expansion - India Functioning (25 states) In process (3 state\UTs) To be initiated (7 states\UTs)

10. Legacy Implementation – Major Themes • National Level Planning: • Tailoring approach to country context & linking with existing plans • Roles for donors, civil society, stakeholders in the process • Global & Regional Priorities: • Resources for immunization, VPD surveillance, emergency response • Planning & Sequencing • To avoid disruption to both polio eradication & core services • Sequencing priority countries • Cost of legacy planning: • Costs of transition planning;sources of funding • Maintenance of Essential Polio Functions: • Requires separate planning and budgeting

11. Potential transition timing: Must link with broader organizational timelines for polio asset support RELATIVE TIMELINE - PROPOSED Execution Phase of Transition Planning & Decision Preparation Execution Transition process initiated Country transition plan finalized and agreed upon Outcome Assets ready for transition (e.g., funding available, initial trainings conducted) Assets fully operational innew roles (depending on nature of transition) Estimated Timeline 12 months Within 6 months ofdecision Within 12 months ofplan in place 2-5 years afterplan in place ABSOLUTE TIMELINE - INDICATIVE 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Global Eradication Certification Stakeholder engagement needed to raise awareness of need for country-level planning Phase Country examples WHA RCMs DRC Nepal India Transition planning underway Planning & Decision Preparation & Execution Sudan Ethiopia Somalia S. Sudan Angola Bangladesh Indonesia Myanmar Egypt Chad All other polio-free and recent outbreak Planning & Decision Preparation & Execution Legacy transition phase Timeline contingent upon eradication status Current endemics Nigeria Pakistan Afghanistan Planning & Decision Preparation & Execution Timeline contingent upon eradication status

12. Legacy Planning: Outcome Legacy Planning: Overall, what would a successful outcome look like? • Well-planned and managed conclusion of the GPEI – (post-certification) with liabilities and disruption to staff and the programme minimized (HR/Legacy interaction). • National & Institutional legacy plans developed, building on the strengths of the GPEI (e.g. access) to benefit generations to come, including: • Essential polio functions mainstreamed into ongoing national and institutional structures (e.g. immunization). • Resources, lessons and knowledge documented and transitioned to other health priorities as appropriate. Goal: To ensure, that these are the outcomes of the Legacy Planning process, and that we all plan a rational future together.