Physical Development

1. Physical Development

2. Adolescent Physical Development

3. ADOLESCENT • A young person going through enormous changes in life: • Body & Appearances (size, proportion & shape) • Intellectual abilities • Adaptation to public expectation about his behavior • Adolescence is a time of transition from childhood to adulthood • Aged 11 -19 years old

4. Western perspectives towards adolescent development based on: • Chronological • Physiological • Social Responsibilities • Mental/Intellectual abilities

5. Chronological Aspect • 3 stages of adolescent development: • Early Adolescent (11-14 years old) • Middle Adolescent (15-17 years old) • Late Adolescent (18-19 years old)

6. Physiological • Focus on : • Growth & changes (breast, body hair, voice, etc) • Body composition (body fat, bigger body, chest/ buttock widen, slimmer waist, etc.) • Respiratory system • Development of sexual functioning  maturity, reproductive organ & functioning • Growth Spurt

7. Social Responsibilities • Focused on • Intellectual abilities parallel to parents and community expectation. • Adolescent must be aware of his/her: • Responsibilities as a member of his/her community (community have specific expectation on them) • How to behave

8. Mental/Intellectual abilities • Focus on: • Adolescent thinking skills • Must be parallel to their cognitive development • Differs from children • Abstract and more complex thinking skill

9. What physical changes do adolescents experience? • Adolescence is a time of considerable physical and psychological growth and change! • ADOLESCENCEis the developmental stage between childhood and adulthood. • The age at which adolescence begins and ends is imprecise, partly because society is unclear about the roles of people in this stage (no longer children, not yet adults)

10. The Rapid Pace of Growth During Adolescence • Extreme changes in height and weight are common • Termed “the adolescent growth spurt”—a period of rapid growth changes in height and weight • The rate of growth matches the high growth rate of infancy • On average, boys grow 4.1 inches in height each year, girls 3.5 inches • Girls begin their growth spurts earlier (aprox. 2 years) and complete them earlier • By age 13, boys are taller on average

11. Puberty: The Start of Sexual Maturation • PUBERTY is the period when sexual organs mature,beginning earlier for girls than for boys. • Girls begin puberty about 10 - 12 • Boys begin at 13 or 14.

13. Sexual Maturation The changes in sexual maturation that occur for males and females during early adulthood.

14. What triggers puberty?No one has identified the reason that it begins when it does! • Environmental & cultural factors play a role in age of puberty. • MENARCHE,the onset of menstruation, varies in different parts of the world and even with affluence levels. • More affluent, better nourished, healthier girls start menstruation earlier. • Menarche age in the US has declined since 19th century.

15. Onset of Menstruation: The onset of menstruation occurs earlier in more economically advantaged countries & in more affluent environments. Why?

16. The development of PRIMARY SEX CHARACTERISTICSinvolves organs and structures of the body related to reproduction. • SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICSinvolve the visible signs of sexual maturity that do not involve sex organs directly

17. Body Image: Reactions to Physical Changes in Adolescence • Body Image involves an adolescent's own reactions to these physical changes. • Western society's views of menarche have become more positive than they used to be so girls tend to have higher self-esteem and self-awareness when they begin menstruating. • Boys‘ first ejaculation is roughly equivalent to girls‘ menarche, but it is rarely discussed (and less anxiety provoking than menarche).

18. Stages in adolescent development:Early Adolescent (11-14 years old) • Rapid body & Weight changes • Breast development • Eventual onset of menses • Onset of puberty  • boys will display boys’ characteristics • girls’ will show girls’ characteristics/attributes. • Girls reach puberty faster than boys. • Sign of puberty • menstruation in girls (menarch) [12-14] • First ejaculation in boys  12-13 years old (semenarch) • Rapid psychomotor development  physical changes, appetite increases.

19. Stages in adolescent development:Early Adolescent (11-14 years old) Boys 2 or 3 years later than girls (11-12) Muscles hard/tougher Shoulder & chest widen Skin coarser, active sweat glands & acne tendency. Moustache, beard Voice change- coarse/deep) Hair in armpit/pubic Reproductive organ bigger & functioning Girls • Earlier physical changes/ development than boys  bigger & taller (9-10) • Breast & hip bigger • Start menstruation • Reproductive organ • Ovary functioning • Fats deposited – hip & breast

20. Stages in adolescent development: Middle Adolescent (15-17 years old) • Stage of challengers & turmoil • Hormonal & physical change  affect psychosocial development (life styles) • Feeling unsure & restless • Emotional • Moody • Physical development leave various impact on adolescent.

21. Stages in adolescent development: Middle Adolescent (15-17 years old) Boys Body structure  men Height  faster rate than girls of same age. Voice  coarser Acne & weight problem Body hair (pubic, armpit) First ejaculation  without force/assistance Girls • Body structure  women • Height  slower rate • Voice  sweeter • Acne & weight problem • Body hair (pubic, armpit) • Sexual potency increases

22. Stages in adolescent development:Late Adolescent (18-19 years old) • Time of resolution of body image • More confident in personal identity • Appearance Boys & Girls  almost like adult  a lot different from child. • Teenage girls may become overly sensitive about their weight • (A small percentage of adolescent girls (1-3%) become so obsessed with their weight that they develop severe eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia)

23. Stages in adolescent development:Late Adolescent (18-19 years old) Boys Height  stops growing at 21 Nearing adult world  almost complete Sexual potential increases gradually Blood pressure & heart beat  equivalent to an adult. Red blood cell  increases/normal Girls • Heightstops growing at 18 • Nearing adult world  almost complete • Regular menstruation cycle • Blood pressure & heart beat  equivalent to an adult. • Red blood cell  increases/normal

24. The Timing of Puberty • The timing of puberty is a key factor for how adolescents react to it. • Early maturation is generally positive for boys. • Early maturing boys tend to be better at athletics, be more popular, have more positive self-esteem, and grow up to be more cooperative and responsible. • On the other hand, these boys also are more likely to have school difficulties and become more involved • Early maturation is often difficult for girls. • Early maturing girls tend to be more popular but they may not be ready to deal with dating situations. • Reactions depend on cultural norms (country and community).

25. The Timing of Puberty (continued) • Late maturation is difficult for boys. • Smaller boys are seen as less attractive and have a disadvantage in sports. • These difficulties often lead to declines in self-concept which can extend into adulthood • For late maturing girls the picture is complicated. • Late maturing girls can be overlooked and have low social status at first. • However, when they catch up their self-esteem is high