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Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Reflections

Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Reflections. James F. O’Brien University of California, Berkeley Hany Farid Dartmouth College. Presented by: Jinjie Lin. All images presented in this document is from the paper except the ones whose source link are provided.

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Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Reflections

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  1. Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Reflections James F. O’Brien University of California, Berkeley HanyFarid Dartmouth College Presented by: Jinjie Lin All images presented in this document is from the paper except the ones whose source link are provided.

  2. Where can we get the lastet SIG papers? http://kesen.realtimerendering.com/

  3. Photographs can no longer be trusted!

  4. Is this a real photo? A forged image

  5. Is this a real photo? http://img2.zol.com.cn/product/22/406/ceIi7JPRpyOnI.jpg

  6. Is it really so easy?

  7. Is this a real photo?

  8. Digital watermarking • Embedding information into a digital signal which may be used to verify its authenticity or the identity of its owners • Drawback • Watermark must be inserted at the time of recording

  9. Passive forensic techniques • Operate in the absence of watermarks or signatures. • Assumption: • Although photo manipulation may leave no obvious visual clues, it may alter some geometric or statistical property in the image.

  10. Exposing Photo Manipulation with Inconsistent Reflections

  11. Planar reflection geometry reflection object Surface normal viewer Reflecting mirror

  12. Planar reflection geometry:The reflection Vanishing Point • Observation: • PR must be perpendicular to MB • Photo: liner perspective projection • Parallel lines must all converge to the same vanishing point.

  13. Planar reflection geometry:Reflection Line Midpoints Observation: The reflection line midpoint must lie in the plane of the reflecting surface.

  14. Planar reflection geometry:Reflection Line Midpoints p r • Test: • for a line pr, check whether it converge to the same vanishing point v; • Compute the midpoint, m; • Compare m to other scene elements for consistency.

  15. Planar reflection geometry:The Center of Projection http://cs.hust.edu.cn/webroot/courses/csgraphics/jiaocai.php?bookpage=7_d http://www.cse.unr.edu/~bebis/CS791E/Notes/PerspectiveProjection.pdf Observation: For a given image, the center of projection is unique.

  16. How to find out the center of projection from an image • When vanishing points for three mutually orthogonal directions are known. Common in man-made environments

  17. How to find out the center of projection from images • The computation is extremely unstable. • Instead, they compute a cloud of plausible locations rather than a single location.

  18. Detecting Inconsistencies • Three tests for exposing inconsistencies in an image • ill-defined reflection vanishing points • Implausible midpoints • Inconsistent centers of projection • Not all of these tests are applicable to any given image. • Require some human understanding of the image content.

  19. Results lack of a well-defined reflection vanishing point

  20. each object has a well-defined reflection vanishing point, but they are mutually inconsistent.

  21. Blue lines: scene features with their corresponding reflections in the building windows. Green: linear features that should be perpendicular to the building front

  22. head has been removed the height of her hair has been altered.

  23. Conclusion • Present a set of test to expose photo manipulation. • Require the input photo should contain planar reflectors where parts of the scene can be observed both directly and indirectly through reflection. • Is not able to prove a photo is authentic, but it can prove a photo is fake.

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