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PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE

PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE. JAKARTA, 26 MARCH 2013. SUBJECTS TO TALK ABOUT INFORMATION SYSTEM. Pendahuluan Information System Main System Components Steps in Data Conversion into Information Characteristics of Information The Nature of Information

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PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE

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  1. PRESENTED TO NICT PROGRAM ON E-LIBRARY COURSE JAKARTA, 26 MARCH 2013

  2. SUBJECTS TO TALK ABOUT INFORMATION SYSTEM Pendahuluan Information System Main System Components Steps in Data Conversion into Information Characteristics of Information The Nature of Information Types of Information Systems Information System Strategic Planning The Right Fit between IT and IS The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM

  3. Pemanfaatan TIK Dunia Kesehatan Dunia Perbankan Dunia Bisnis Dunia Media Massa dan Informasi Dunia Administrasi Perkantoran Dunia Pendidikan

  4. ICT penetrates into every area of life. Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Life) Case of independent creator Case of grandfather and grandson Case of working parents Case of the handicapped

  5. Concrete Usage Scenes of Ubiquitous Technology (Industry) - distribution history - stock information ・流通履歴 ・在庫情報 Weaving factory ICT penetrates into all areas of industry Apparel distribution center Retailer Reference: product code Color Size Cloth, materials etc. Reference: product code Color Size etc. Reference: product code Color Size etc. ））） ））） ））） ））） ））） ））） （（（ （（（ （（（ （（（ （（（ （（（ Reading via electronic tag reader Reading via electronic tag reader Reading via electronic tag reader Inspections of incoming shipments, stocktaking Inspections of incoming/outgoing shipments, stocktaking Shipping inspection Electronic tags 書類B 書類B Electronic tags ））） ））） （（（ （（（ Efficiency in production management processes within corporations Realize flexible collaboration between corporations Management Server Theater Travel agency ＮＷ Restaurant Car rental Agent Robot Hotel Airline Example of system that links various companies together to meet travel-related needs and provides a system for processing. Example of supply-chain management for apparel company (management of orders, stock and distribution) Example of system of document management within a company (confirm location of documents, security management) Example of system to support appropriate provision and application of medicine at hospitals etc. Medicine storage room Security management セキュリティ管理 Direction on taking medicine Doctor Position information management 位置情報管理 Documents not to be taken out 持出し禁止 書類です！ Document B Document B Documents not to be copied コピー禁止 書類です Medical DB Check タグリーダー Detection of relocations Tag reader 移動検知 Check Tag Check 管理部門 Management department Tag サーバー Server Tag タグ Media information DB Tags 媒体情報 DB Check it is correct patient Check amount of medicine given NW Check type of medicine given Send alarm if incorrect Send alarm if amount incorrect Send alarm if incorrect Advanced knowledge management within corporations Penetration of ICT use into all areas of industry

  6. Radio 2.0 education Comm. Information Media Shopping Search Entertainment Bisnis, Education, Produk, Community, Virtual Network Internet is Platform

  7. Information System • A system that creates, processes, stores, and generates information to help individuals make meaningful decisions.

  8. Field of Information Systems • The study of information and its effect on the individual, the organization, and society at large.

  9. IS and IT • An Information System is a collection of components that work together to provide information to help in the operations and management of an organization. • Information Technology is the integration of computers, communications equipment, and other technology used in information systems.

  10. Five Main System Components • Input • Machines, manpower, raw materials, money, time • Process • Policies, procedures, and operations that convert data into information • Output • Information in the right format, conveyed at the right time and place to the right person • Feedback • Data about the performance of the system • Control • Processing the feedback and taking the necessary action, such as modifying the processes, input, or output

  11. I N P UT SOFTWARE GambarInteraksiKomponenSistemInformasi M O D E L HARDWARE OUTPUT BASIS DATA KONTROL

  12. ELEMEN SITEM INFORMASI ORANG PROSEDUR PE PERANGKAT KERASP PERANGKAT LUNAK HubunganElemenSistemInformasi JARKON DAN KOMDAT BASIS DATA

  13. Seven Steps in Data Conversion into Information • Collection • Classification • Sorting,adding, merging • Summarizing • Storing • Retrieval • Dissemination

  14. Characteristics of Information Characteristic Description The value of information differs from individual to individual. Information should be pertinent to the decision maker. Decision makers should receive the information at the right time. Information should be free of errors. Information should be presented so that it can be readily used in decision making. The decision maker should have all necessary information to make a good decision. Information should be readily available to those who need it. Subjective value Relevance Timeliness Accuracy Meaningful format Completeness Accessibility

  15. LOWER MANAGER TOP MANAGER MIDDLE MANAGER External Internal and External Internal Information Sources Infrequent Frequent Very Frequent Frequency of use Time Scale Long Years Medium, Weeks/Months Short, Days/Hours Future Future and Historical Historical Time Horizon Unconstrained Constrained Highly Constrained Scope Unstructured Structured Highly Structured Nature of Decision The Nature of Information

  16. 4 Types of Information Systems • Personal, Work-Group, Enterprise-Wide Systems • Sometimes information systems are grouped into categories based on the number of individuals who use them: personal systems (one user), work-group systems (a group of users), or enterprise-wide systems (the entire organization). • Systems Based on Type of Decision • Decisions can be classified as operational, tactical, and strategic. • Strategic Information Systems • Information systems that give a company a significant strategic advantage over its market competitors. These can be transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, or any combination of these systems. • Function-Oriented Information Systems • Systems classified according to their business function: marketing information systems, manufacturing information systems, financial information systems, etc.

  17. IS Types used for Decision Making • Systems that support operational, tactical, and strategic decision are broadly classified into the following categories: • Transaction processing systems(TPS) • Management information systems(MIS) • Intelligent support systems(ISS), which include decision support systems (DSS), executive information systems (EIS), and expert systems (ES) • Intelligent support systems (ISS) refer to a group of systems that support decisions requiring the use of knowledge, intuition, experience, and expertise • Decision support systems(DSS) • Executive information systems (EIS) • Artificial intelligence(AI) and expert systems(ES)

  18. Functional Based Information System • Information systems can also be classified according to function in these four areas: • Marketing • Manufacturing and service • Accounting and finance • Human resources

  19. Why Information ? Intelligence INTELLIGENT MANAGER + wisdom Knowledge + experience Information + context Data + procedure Business Facts

  20. The CBIS Model Computer-based Information System (CBIS) Accounting Information System Problem Management Information System Information Decisions Decision Support Systems Problem Solution The Virtual Office Knowledge-based Systems

  21. ANALYSIS PROCESS P K A R R INPUT BLUE PRINT O T & W N INTERNAL Corporate History Business Plan Existing Information Technology Constraints and Opportunities Strength and Weakness Approach and Methodology EXTERNAL Industry Trend Information Technology Development Competitor Analysis Benchmarking Best Practice THREE DOMAINS Information System Requirements Information Technology Supply Information Management Strategy STRATEGIC PLANNING List of Scenarios Risk Management Cost/Benefit Analysis Technical Design Project Management Priorities Level and Schedule Implementation Plan Human Resource Skills and Competencies Requirements Change Management T E R E TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE S COMPANY ASSETS N COMPANY GEOGRAPHICAL TOPOLOGY FINANCIAL RESOURCES VISION MISSION CSFs KPIs STRATEGY BUSINESS PROCESS CULTURE PROCEDURES PEOPLE POLICIES STANDARD VALUE LEGAL ASPECT S H S A R R E E D Macro Environment H L O Ideology, Political Agenda, Economic Environment, Social and Culture, International Relationship, National Defense, Religion, Behaviors, Information System Strategic Planning

  22. The Right Fit between IT and IS • IS managers ensure a fit between information systems and technologies through computer architecture • Computer architecture is the major components needed to build a system and an analysis of how the components fit together • Information technologies help build the information infrastructure • The infrastructure are the physical components required to implement the architecture, such as wiring, cables, software, etc.

  23. ITs that Build Information System Payroll System Inventory System INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES • Hardware • Software • Databases • Networks • Other related components INFORMATION SYSTEMS Marketing System Customer Service System

  24. Role of Information Technology Intelligence INTELLIGENT MANAGER + wisdom Knowledge EXECUTIVES + experience Information 1. Help Creating the Intelligence LINE MANAGER 2. Help Empowering the People + context Data SUPERVISOR + procedure Business Facts STAFF

  25. CEO CIO Control and Quality Assurance INFORMATION SYSTEM INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Company Supports Technology Infrastructure Supports and Services Business Intelligence Application Development Outsourcing Organization Analysis Tools and Supports Training and Development INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL Others Others Others Internal IT Organization Structure

  26. Chief Executive Officer • CIO, COO, CFO, CTO • Senior Executives EXECUTIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM Querying System DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM • Line Managers • Junior Managers MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM Reporting System TRANSACTIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM • Supervisors • Assistants DATAWAREHOUSE Consolidation System DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE DATABASE • Users • Customer Services Transaction System TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION TRANSACTION Management Information System

  27. Employees Stakeholders Knowledge Tone Applications Enterprise Application Integration Business Partners Suppliers, Distributors, Resellers Administrative Control HRMS – ORMS - Purchasing Customer Relationship Management Marketing – Sales – Customer Service Management Control Finance – Accounting - Auditing Selling Chain Management Supply Chain Management Customers, Resellers Enterprise Resource Planning Logistics – Production - Distribution Internet MIS Applications Portfolio

  28. Indrajit (2000: 29) mengemukakanbahwatigahalpokok yang perludipahamisecaramenyeluruhapa yang harusdiperhatikandandipertimbangkanuntukmenghasilkansebuahsisteminformasiterintegrasiyang baikadalah: 1. Sisteminformasi, merupakandefinisisecarajelasdanterperincisehubungandenganjenis-jenisinformasiapasaja yang dibutuhkanolehperusahaan (dalamhaliniperpustakaan)danhal-hal yang berkaitandengan (kecepatanprosespengolahan data menjadiinformasi, tingkatan detail informasi, carapenampilaninformasi, volume dantransaksiinformasi, penanggungjawabinformasi, dsb.)2. Teknologiinformasi, meliputikomponen-komponenperangkatkeras (komputer, infrastruktur, alatkomunikasi, dan lain-lain) danperangkatlunak (aplikasi, sistemoperasi, database, dan lain-lain) yang harustersediauntukmenghasilkansisteminformasi yang telahdidefinisikan.

  29. 3. Manajemeninformasi, menyangkutperangkatmanusia (brainware) yang akanmenginplementasikansisteminformasi yang dibangundanmengembangkanteknologiinformasisejalandenganperkembanganperusahandimasamendatang.Berikutiniakandiberikanbeberapacontohnyatapemanfaatanperspektifstrategisisteminformasiyang sejalandenganvisisebuahorganisasi.1. StrategiSistemInformasiPerguruanTinggiSebagaicontoh, Denganadanyaparadigmabaru, sudahselayaknyabagiuniversitasmenyediakanperpustakaanterintegrasi yang memberikankeleluasaanbagiparamahasiswauntukmenggalipotensidirinya. Salahsatucontohperanperpustakaanterintegrasidalampendidikanjarakjauh (distance-learning), karenaiamenggantikanperandanfungsipendidikansebagaimanadalampendidikantatapmuka. Perkembanganmutakhirdalambidanginformation communication technology (ICT) memberikanpeluangbagiperpustakaanperguruantinggiuntukmemenuhikebutuhanmahasiswa yang beragam

  30. Organization INFORMATION SYSTEM Processes Standards and Procedures Management Research and Development People and Culture Human Resources Products and Services Infrastructure Internet INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Intranet Rules and Policy Electronic Commerce Digital Nervous System ISDN, VSAT Extranet Cost and Investment COMPUTER Electronic Data Interchange Market and Customers HARDWARE SOFTWARE Decision Support System Operating System Strategic Business Plan PC Desktop Database Notebook and Palmtop Data Mining Applications Printer Macro Environment Modem Programming Languages Multimedia Workgroup Computing Outsourcing

  31. Corporations Community Business Entities Institutions Public Sectors Non Profit Organization INFORMATION SYSTEM - DEMAND SITE - INFORMATION MANAGEMENT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY - SUPPLY SITE - Computer Manufacturers Software Houses R&D Centers Universities Silicon Valley Information Management

  32. What ? Applications IS Strategy Division/function based Demand oriented Business focused Wherefore ? IM Strategy Organisation based Relationship oriented Management focused How ? Management IT Strategy Activity based Supply oriented Technology focused Delivery The Three Domains: IS, IT and IM

  33. Three Parts of MIS Development Stage PART ONE Information System Requirements PART TWO Information TechnologySpecification PART THREE Information Managemnet Strategy

  34. The Main Principles The Demand The Supply The Plan What kind of information does the organization need to support its daily activities and what kind of information characteristics/ properties (any related issue w.r.t. the process of information creation and distribution) required by the organization ? PART ONE Information System Requirements PART TWO Information TechnologySpecification PART THREE Information Managemnet Strategy • What kind of appropriate technology specification required by the organization to answer its information system requirements defined previously by the organization w.r.t. its information characteristics and/or properties ? • What kind of management strategy does the organization should adapt in order to guarantee the successful development and deployment of the informationt technology projects within the organization ?

  35. The Main Stages and Phases STAGE I Information System Requirements STAGE II Information TechnologySpecification STAGE III Information Managemnet Strategy PHASE A Organization Strategic Plan Assessment and Analysis PHASE F IT System-Business Process Analysis and Mapping PHASE K Taks Force Appointment and Responsibilities Determination PHASE B Organization Business Process Mapping PHASE G IT Conceptual Architecture Framework Development PHASE L Projects Portfolio Mapping and Schedule Development PHASE C Required Data and Information Characteristics/Properties Mapping PHASE H Application and Database Modules And Standard Specification PHASE M General IT Project Management Development and Deployment PHASE D IT Related Activities Value Proposition and Capability Analysis PHASE I IT Hardware, Network, and Infrastructure Standard Specification PHASE N IT Governance Structure and HR Competencies/Skills Determination PHASE E Strategic Priorities Analysis PHASE J User Management and IT Quality Assurance Determination PHASE O IT Masterplan Revision and Future Development Strategy

  36. THANK YOUMAY OUR ALLIANCE WOULD BE VERY FRUITFULL

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