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“ I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution

SAILOR’S CREED. “ I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and I W ill obey the orders of those appointed over me.

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“ I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution

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  1. SAILOR’SCREED “ I am a United States Sailor. I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States of America and I W ill obey the orders of those appointed over me. I represent the fighting spirit of the Navy and those who have gone before me to defend freedom and democracy around the world. I proudly serve my country’s Navy combat team with Honor, Courage, and Commitment I am committed to excellence and fair treatment of all. “

  2. M BM G KM B K CL G I E H G I T E H W T W T S T S O N O N DISPLACEMENT Lesson 4.14 EXAM REVIW G B

  3. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves

  4. STABILITY - THE TENDENCY OF A SHIP TO ROTATE ONE WAY OR THE OTHER (TO RIGHT ITSELF OR OVERTURN) INITIAL STABILITY - THE STABILITY OF A SHIP IN THE RANGE FROM 0° TO 7°/10° OVERALL STABILITY - A GENERAL MEASURE OF A SHIP'S ABILITY TO RESIST CAPSIZING IN A GIVEN CONDITION OF LOADING DYNAMIC STABILITY - THE WORK DONE IN HEELING A SHIP TO A GIVEN ANGLE OF HEEL

  5. LAWS OF BUOYANCY • A FLOATING OBJECT HAS THE PROPERTY OF BUOYANCY • A FLOATING BODY DISPLACES A VOLUME OF WATER EQUAL IN WEIGHT TO THE WEIGHT OF THE BODY. • A BODY IMMERSED (OR FLOATING) IN WATER WILL BE BUOYED UP BY A FORCE EQUAL TO THE WEIGHT OF THE WATER DISPLACED.

  6. DISPLACEMENT • THE WEIGHT OF THE VOLUME OF WATERTHAT THE SHIP'S HULL IS DISPLACING • UNITS OF WEIGHT LONG TON = 2240 LBS SHORT TON = 2000 LBS METRIC TON = 2204.72 LBS

  7. 20 FT 30 FT 6 FT VOLUME - NUMBER OF CUBIC UNITS IN AN OBJECT UNITS: CUBIC FEET CUBIC INCHES V = L x B x D V = 30 FT x 20 FT x 6 FTV = 3600 FT3

  8. 20 FT 30 FT V = 3600 FT3 6 FT SPECIFIC VOLUME - VOLUME PER UNIT WEIGHT UNITS: CUBIC FEET PER TON SW = 35 FT3/TONFW = 36 FT3/TONDFM = 43 FT3/TON WT = VOLUME SP. VOL WT = 3600 FT3 35 FT3/TON WT = 102.86 TONS

  9. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves 8. Model

  10. STABILITY REFERENCE POINTS M etacenter G ravity B uoyancy K eel CL

  11. CENTER OF GRAVITY • POINT AT WHICH ALL WEIGHTS COULD BE CONCENTRATED. • CENTER OF GRAVITY OF A SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS IS FOUND BY TAKING MOMENTS ABOUT AN ASSUMED CENTER OF GRAVITY, MOMENTS ARE SUMMED AND DIVIDED BY THE TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE SYSTEM.

  12. MOVEMENTS IN THE CENTER OF GRAVITY • G MOVES TOWARDS A WEIGHT ADDITION

  13. MOVEMENTS IN THE CENTER OF GRAVITY • G MOVES TOWARDS A WEIGHT ADDITION • G MOVES AWAY FROM A WEIGHT REMOVAL

  14. MOVEMENTS IN THE CENTER OF GRAVITY • G MOVES TOWARDS A WEIGHT ADDITION • G MOVES AWAY FROM A WEIGHT REMOVAL • G MOVES IN THE DIRECTION OF A WEIGHT SHIFT

  15. B B20 B45 METACENTER THEMETACENTER M B B2 B1 M20 M45 M M70 B70 CL

  16. B SHIFTS METACENTER M

  17. MOVEMENTS OF THE METACENTER THE METACENTER WILL CHANGE POSITIONS IN THE VERTICAL PLANE WHEN THE SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT CHANGES THE METACENTER MOVES IAW THESE TWO RULES: 1. WHEN B MOVES UP M MOVES DOWN.2. WHEN B MOVES DOWN M MOVES UP.

  18. M M M M1 M M M1 M M1 M1 G G G G G G B B B1 B1 B1 B1 B B B B

  19. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS IN STABILITY M GM BM G KM B KG K CL

  20. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves 8. Model

  21. M G B K M CL THE STABILITY TRIANGLE G Z

  22. M G Z Sin q = opp / hyp Where: opposite = GZ hypotenuse = GM Sin q = GZ / GM GZ = GM x Sin q Growth of GZ a GM

  23. M G1 G B K CL

  24. M G1 Z1 G Z AS GM DECREASES RIGHTING ARM ALSO DECREASES

  25. M INITIALSTABILITY G B 0 - 7° CL

  26. M OVERALLSTABILITY G Z B B1 RM = GZ x Wf CL

  27. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves 8. Model

  28. M THE THREE CONDITIONS OF STABILITY G Z B1 POSITIVE G M B B1 G NEUTRAL M B B1 NEGATIVE

  29. M G B K POSITIVE STABILITY CL

  30. G M B K NEUTRAL STABILITY CL

  31. G M B K NEGATIVE STABILITY CL

  32. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves 8. Model

  33. WL WL 60° WL 40° 20° G Z G Z G Z B B B RIGHTING ARM CURVE RIGHTING ARMS (FT) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ANGLE OF HEEL (DEGREES) GZ = 1.4 FT GZ = 2.0 FT GZ = 1 FT

  34. ANGLE OF MAXIMUM RIGHTING ARM MAXIMUM RIGHTING ARM MAXIMUM RANGE OF STABILITY DANGERANGLE RIGHTING ARMS (FT) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ANGLE OF HEEL (DEGREES) WL WL WL 60° 40° 20° G Z G Z G Z B B B GZ = 1.4 FT GZ = 2.0 FT GZ = 1 FT

  35. CLASS TOPICS 1. Definitions2. Stability Reference Points3. Stability Triangle4. Conditions of Stability5. Stability Curve6. Ship’s Hull Markings 7. Draft Diagram and Cross Curves 8. Model

  36. Vertical Weight Shifts M G1 G1 G1 G1 GG1 G1 G1 G1 G KG1 B KGo GG1 = KG1 - KGo

  37. KG1 = (Wo x KGo) ± (w x kg) Wf WHERE;w = Weight Shifted kg = Distance Shifted Wo = Original Displacement KGo = Original Height of G Wf = Final Displacement ± = + if shift up/- if shift down

  38. KGA = 19 FT 5 GT = GG1 x Sin O 4 3 RIGHTING ARMS (FT) 2 FINAL CURVE .8 FT 1 X .4 FT X 0 -1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ANGLE OF INCLINATION - DEGREES KG1 = 19.8 FT Sin 0° = 0Sin 30°= 0.5Sin 90°= 1.0 GT0°= .8FT x 0 = 0 FT GT30°= .8FT x .5 = .4 FT GT90°= .8FT x 1 = .8 FT X

  39. M G G G G G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 G2 GG2 B Horizontal Weight Shifts

  40. GG2 = w x d Wf WHERE;w = Weight Added or Removed d = Distance Added/Removed from Centerline Wf = Final Displacement

  41. KGA = 19 FT 5 GP = GG2 x Cos O 4 3 RIGHTING ARMS (FT) 2 FINAL CURVE .9 FT 1 X .45 FT X 0 Angle of List -1 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ANGLE OF INCLINATION - DEGREES KG1 = 19.0 FT GG2 = .9 FT Cos 0° = 1.0Cos 60°= 0.5Cos 90°= 0 GP0°= .9FT x 1 = 0.9 FT GP60°= .9FT x .5 = .45 FT GP90°= .9FT x 0 = 0 FT X

  42. FREE SURFACE EFFECT B3 x L GG3 = 12 x 35 x Wf B = BREADTH OF COMPTL = LENGTH OF COMPTWf = SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT

  43. FREE SURFACE EFFECT • Greater with increased length and width of the compartment• Increases as draft decreases (de-ballasting)• Independent of the depth of the liquid• Can be reduced by pocketing

  44. FREE COMMUNICATIONEFFECT Bx L x Y2 G3G5 = 35 x Wf B = BREADTH OF COMPTL = LENGTH OF COMPTY = DIST FM SHIP C/L TO COMPT COG.Wf = SHIP'S DISPLACEMENT

  45. FREE COMMUNICATIONEFFECT • COMPARTMENT OPEN TO THE SEA • COMPARTMENT PARTIALLY FLOODED • COMPARTMENT OFF-CENTERLINEOR ASYMMETRICAL ABOUT THECENTERLINE

  46. MP CFD LCF LCF - The Longitudinal Center of Flotation

  47. DWL 16' 0" 14' 0" DRAG - A design feature having the draft aft greater than the draft fwd. Primarily done to increase plant effectiveness. DRAG = 2 FT By the Stern

  48. 16' 14' TRIM - The difference between the forward and after drafts in excess of drag. DRAG = 0 TRIM = 2 FT By the Stern

  49. MP AP FP TA LCF Change in Trim(CT) = TM MT1" Trimming Moment = w x TA w

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