Exercise Physiology

1. Exercise Physiology

2. Exercise Physiology • Exercise Physiology is a complex and in-depth study of how the body functions under the stresses imposed by exercise. • It is a broad topic which includes many specialty areas such as nutrition, bioenergetics, body composition, strength and conditioning, power analysis, cardiovascular and pulmonary dynamics, environmental stress, endocrinology, and sport performance just to name a few.

3. Basic Principles of Program Design Principle of Specificity - responses and adaptations to exercise are specific to type of exercise, muscle groups used, and energy systems utilised Principle of Overload - To cause improvement, the physiological systems of the body need to be taxed using loads bigger than those to which the body is accustomed. The way the body is overloaded will differ between eg. cardiovascular and strength training

4. Basic Principles of Program Design Principle of Disuse – This is the use it or lose principle. Through exercise if you do not keep active or continue to train muscles will atroph and become weak. Losing the gains you worked to achieve. Principle of Individuality - Individual responses to training vary depending on a number of factors. Exercise programs must therefore be designed specifically for each individual.

5. Methods of Training • CARDIOVASCULAR TRAINING Interval Training – This is intermittent training with periods of high intensity work interspersed with rest or low activity. Continuous Training – Working without a rest can only be done at moderate intensity, approx 75 % of your maximum.

6. Methods of Training • CARDIOVASCULAR TRAINING Fartlek Training – Based on a Sweddish training method, the word means speed play. Athletes can vary their pace and style of running and walking as they wish.

7. Methods of Training • RESISTANCE TRAINING Dynamic, explosive and static strength are all dependent on the force exerted by the muscle. Weight traing is one of the most effective ways to improve muscle strength.