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Chapter 10 : Europe in the middle ages

Chapter 10 : Europe in the middle ages. Section 1: Peasants, Trade, and Cities. The New Agriculture:. Population: doubled in England during the High Middle Ages Led to a need for increased food production – Climate change and ideal growing conditions. New improvements in farm technology:

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Chapter 10 : Europe in the middle ages

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  1. Chapter 10 : Europe in the middle ages

  2. Section 1: Peasants, Trade, and Cities

  3. The New Agriculture: • Population: • doubled in England during the High Middle Ages • Led to a need for increased food production – Climate change and ideal growing conditions. • New improvements in farm technology: • Heavier Plow: • -Cistercian Monks • -Carruca • Horse Power • More land: • - Cistercian Monks

  4. The New Agriculture: • Three field crop rotation: • Old 2 field system • 800 • Planted: Fall – grains (rye & wheat) harvested in the summer. Second field in the spring grains (oats & barley) and vegetables (peas & beans) harvested in the fall. • Result – increase in food and a healthier diet

  5. Manorial System: • Feudalism: • Landholding Nobles: • - Military elite – need leisure time to pursue the Art of War. • Manors • - Peasants – Serfs –legally tied to the land • Serfs: • - - Had to provide: • Labor Services: • Working the Lords land • Building barns, digging ditches and other manual labor requested by the Lord

  6. Manorial System: • Pay rents: • A share of every product raised • Paid the lord for the use of ……. • Peasants also had to pay a tithe Subject to Lord’s control: • Serfs: • Lords permission • Lords: • Political Authority

  7. The Peasant Household • Life was simple: • Cottages • Cycle of Labor: Labor based on the cycle of the seasons • Harvest time: August and September • New Cycle: • October • November • February and March • Early summer

  8. The Peasant Household • Days off:Feast Days • 3 great feast days: • 1. Christmas • 2.Easter • 3. Pentecost • 4. Other days • contact with the village church- Priests • Peasant Women: • Food and drink: • - Diet

  9. The Revival of Trade • Growth of towns led to the revival of trade: • Venice • Towns of Flanders (coast of present day Belgium and Northern France) • Hanseatic League • Fairs: • - People come to the towns for religious activities • Trade: • - gold and silver coins • Money Economy • Commercial Capitalism

  10. The Growth of the Cities • The Growth of the Cities • Revival of trade = growth of the Cities: • More food-more people • 1200 –Vince, Milan and Florence /Paris /London /Typical size • Old and New Cities • Towns people not fitting into classic molds : • New Social Class • Burgh • Burghers • Bourgeoisie. • Towns and the Lords • authority of the Lords • Rights • City Governments • Patricians • City Life • Women

  11. Industries and Guilds • Organizations: • Guilds • Merchant Guilds (1st Guilds) • Craft Guilds • Skilled Artisans • Guild Functions:standards, Fixed prices, and Dues • Training New Workers: • - The Hall • apprentice • Journeyman • Masterpiece • Master

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