Classifying and Naming Plants

1. Classifying and Naming Plants

2. Objectives Students will be able to: • Describe plant taxonomy and classification • Distinguish the major plant groups • Explain plant nomenclature • Describe how plants are classified by life cycle Footer text here

3. What is plant taxonomy and classification? • ________________- the branch of biology that deals with identifying and naming organisms. • It’s a way of taking inventory of the living resources • _____________________________________________ • Used to demonstrate the diversity of organisms, how they are related, and how they have evolved Footer text here

4. What is plant taxonomy? • Greek philosopher, Aristotle, is recorded having used taxonomy. • 1700s, Carl von Linne, of Sweden determined a classification system for minerals, plants, and animals Footer text here

5. What is plant taxonomy? • Kingdom ____________: • Single-celled microscopic organisms lacking membrane-bound nuclei • __________________ • Kingdom Protista: • Single-celled or simple multi-celled organisms • _____ Footer text here

6. What is plant taxonomy? • Kingdom Fungi: • Organisms that lack plastids and photosynthetic pigments • ______________________________________________ • Decomposers • Kingdom Plantae: • Multicellular photosynthetic organisms with distinct developmental stages • _______________________ Footer text here

7. What is plant taxonomy? • Kingdom ______________: • Multicellular organisms with advanced tissue differentiation and complex organ systems • _____________________________________________ • ________________________ • Heterotrophs or consumers on earth fall into this kingdom Footer text here

8. Taxonomic Classification • _______________________________ • Organisms are place in an order or rank • __________________________________________________ • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Footer text here

9. Taxonomic Classification • Classification is based on Morphology • Which is the study of the internal and external appearance of an organism • ________________________________________________ Footer text here

10. Taxonomic Classification • _______________________________________ • Species are composed of organisms with characteristics that distinguish them from other groups in a genus • Species can pass distinct characteristics from one generation to another Footer text here

11. Taxonomic Classification • Closely related organisms comprised of ______________________________. • Plants with the same genus are more similar to one another than with plants of other genera • ______________-share similarities are grouped in families Footer text here

12. Herbarium • A collection of pressed, dried, and labeled plants • __________________________________ • Useful in educational settings for plant ____________________________ Footer text here

13. How do you put plants into groups? • Bryophytes-plants classified in the Phylum Bryophyta • _______________________ • _____________________________________________ • Examples: • Mosses • Liverworts Footer text here

14. How do you put plants into groups? • All higher plants are in the Phylum Tracheophyta • _____________________________ • Ferns: vascular plants that reproduce by spores. • Can be called the amphibians of the plant world • ______________________________ • Have no true leaves instead they have Fronds • Fronds tend to unfold from the center of the plant • The newest fronds are called “fiddlehead” Footer text here

15. How do you put plants into groups? • Gymnosperms are plants that reproduce with seeds that lay naked on scales • Reproduce using a structure called a “cone” • __________________________ • Conifer leaves are either needles or scales • Evergreen-holding leaves year round • _____________________________________ • Larch and baldcypress Footer text here

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17. How do you put plants into groups? • Angiosperms-flowering plants that produce seeds that develop into fruiting bodies • _______________________ • _______________ • single cotyledon or seed leaf • Cotyledon used for food storage in the form of starch • Have flower parts in multiples of three, narrow leaves with parallel leaf venation, and stems with scattered vascular bundles. • _______________________________________________ Footer text here

18. How do you put plants into groups? • ________________ • _______________________________________ • Flower parts are in multiples of four or five, broad leaves with netted venation, and stems with vascular bundles organized in a ring pattern • Alfalfa, oak, rose, cotton, and strawberry Footer text here

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20. What is plant nomenclature? • Nomenclature: • _______________________________________ • Agricultural plants are referred to by common name • Plants often have more than one common name • ___________________________________________________ Footer text here

21. What is plant nomenclature? • Scientific name • _______________________ • Consists of two names • _______________________ • The other is the species Footer text here

22. How are plants classified by life cycle? • Refers to the time required for a seed to germinate and the seedling to grow vegetatively, flower, produce a viable seed • Three categories • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ Footer text here

23. How are plants classified by life cycle? • Annuals: Plants that complete their growing cycles within one year or one growing season • Seeds of annuals germinate, produce leaves and roots, flower, produce seed, and then die • __________________________________________ Footer text here

24. How are plants classified by life cycle? • Summer annuals: • ___________________________________ • Summer annuals produce leaves, flowers, and seed before dying during the summer of fall • _______________________________________ • Corn, soybeans, rice, wheat, potatoes, tomatoes Footer text here

25. How are plants classified by life cycle? • ___________________: • Germinate in the fall • The immature plant overwinters as a compact rosette • Once it has received a period of cold treatment, it bolts • _________________- is a process in which the stem of a plant rapidly elongates at the time of flowering • Flowers then develop, seeds are set, and the plant dies • _____________________ Footer text here

26. How are plants classifies by life cycles? • _____________________ • Usually requires two growing seasons to produce flowers and seed before dying • First growing season they grow vegetatively • ____________________________________________ • Growth is resumed in the spring • Plants bolt, flower, produce a seed, and die • __________________ • Hollyhock, Sweet William, parsley, beets, and carrots Footer text here

27. How are plants classified by life cycle? • Perennials • ____________________________________________ • ____________________________________________ Footer text here