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C H A P T E R

1. C H A P T E R. Introduction to Information Systems. Information Concepts. RFID (Radio Frequency Management). RFID propaganda 1 Min RFID inventory management (2 Min). RFID Freezer contents control. (6 Min). Knowledge. Information. Data. Information Concepts.

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C H A P T E R

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  1. 1 C H A P T E R Introduction to Information Systems

  2. Information Concepts RFID (Radio Frequency Management) RFID propaganda 1 Min RFID inventory management (2 Min) RFID Freezer contents control (6 Min)

  3. Knowledge Information Data Information Concepts The body of guidelines and procedures used to select, organize, and manipulate data to make it suitable for a specific task. A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of facts themselves. Raw facts

  4. Information Concepts KNOWLEDGE • Knowing the value of tracking sales for future ordering. As the business accumulates more and more INFORMATION, KNOWLEDGE increases. INFORMATION • Total sales of every item for the day, week, month, and year, and season. DATA • Recorded sale of every item.

  5. Data vs. Information Applying knowledge The collection of information adds to all the more knowledge.

  6. Data vs. Information DATA: A record of each hamburger sold during the week. KNOWLEDGE: Not a lot of people like to eat hamburgers early in the morning. Should we open our hamburger stand at 10:30 am or wait until 11:00 am? INFORMATION: The number of hamburgers sold from 10:30 am to 11:00 am on the average. 2 Hamburgers were sold during this half hour period, on the average.

  7. Data vs. Information QUESTION: Would you open your hamburger stand at 10:30 am to sell 2 hamburgers? ANSWER: Probably, no.

  8. Data vs. Information Knowledge --Air conditioner compressors get “tight” when not used for long periods of time. This could blow a fuse when the air-conditioners are first turned on. Information (organized data) --Track air-conditioner fuse sales daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, seasonally. --Track daily temperatures relative air-conditioner fuse sales. Data --Record each air-conditioner fuse sold. RESULT: On days when the outside temperature jumps and air-conditioners are first turned on, the demand for air-conditioner fuses jumps 32 times normal. Question: What actions will management take?

  9. Types of Data Data Represented by: Alphanumeric Data Numbers, letters, etc. Image Data Graphics images or pictures Audio Data Sound Video Data Moving images or pictures

  10. Characteristics of Valuable Information CharacteristicsDefinitions: Accurate Error free. Errors: GIGO & bad programs. GIGO: Garbage In Garbage Out Complete Has all important facts. Economical Are the costs worth it? Flexible Can the information be used in a variety of situations? Reliable Is the source reliable? 3:00

  11. Characteristics of Valuable Information CharacteristicsDefinitions: Relevant Passenger hair color is not relevant to a captain of a ship. Simple The information should be presented in a simple way. Timely Last month’s weather forecast is of no interest to a pilot today. Verifiable Can you check the correctness of the information.

  12. Characteristics of Valuable Information CharacteristicsDefinitions: Accessible Information should be easily accessible by authorized persons and in the right format. Secure Information should be access by authorized persons only. Dr. Scanlan says, “There is no such thing as a secure information system.”

  13. Characteristics of Valuable Information CharacteristicsDefinitions: Secure Information should be access by authorized persons only. Dr. Scanlan says, “There is no such thing as a secure information system.” Discussion: Are these information system secure? Why or why not? Checking accounts, CD’s, email, safe deposit boxes, tax sheltered annuities, birth certificates, credit cards (especially RFID enabled), loyalty cards, etc. Stealing credit card information (RFID) cc (3min)

  14. SYSTEM System and Modeling Concepts Goals Elements What are some examples using McDonald’s as an example? 1. Goals -Profits -Fast service -Tasty food -Inexpensive food 2. Inputs ??? 3. Outputs ??? 4. Elements ??? 5. Process ??? Outputs Inputs Process Components of a System

  15. Components of a System 1:30

  16. Simple Complex Open Closed Stable Dynamic Adaptive Non-adaptive Permanent Temporary System Classifications and Primary Characteristics Name systems which have these characteristics?

  17. System Performance Standards • Efficiency • A measure of the amount of activity or effort to produce a desired goal. • Effectiveness • A measure of the extent to which a system achieves its goals. • Performance Standard • A specific objective of the system. • What are the performance standards for this course?

  18. System Performance Standards

  19. System Variables and Parameters • System Variable • A quantity or item that can be controlled by the decision maker. • What are some system variables for a shoe store? • System Parameter • A value or quantity that cannot be controlled by the decision maker. • What are some system parameters for a grocery store?

  20. Modeling a System • Model • An abstraction or an approximation that is used to represent reality • Model Types • Narratives - words • Physical - tangible • Schematic - graphical • Mathematical - arithmetic

  21. Four Types of Models

  22. Four Types of Models

  23. Information System (IS) • Information System • A set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), and disseminate (output) data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. • What is the feedback for this coursefor the instructor and the class?

  24. INPUTSGathering and capturing raw data PROCESSINGConverting or transforming data into useful outputs OUTPUTSProducing useful information, usually in the form of documents. Feedback Input, Processing, Output, Feedback Output that is used to make changes to input or processing activities

  25. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) • Computer-Based Information Systems • Composed of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information.

  26. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Elements of a CBIS: • Hardware • Computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities. • Software • Computer programs that govern the operation of the computer. • Database • Organized collection of facts and information.

  27. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Elements of a CBIS (continued): • Telecommunications • Electronic transmission of signals for communications that enables organizations to link computer systems into effective networks. • Networks • Used to connect computers and computer equipment.

  28. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Elements of CBIS (continued): • Internet • The world’s largest telecommunications network. • Intranet • A network that uses Internet technology within an organization.

  29. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) Element of a CBIS (continued): • People • The most important elements in most CBIS. • Question: Are people really the most important element? • Procedures • Strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using CBIS.

  30. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)

  31. Business Information Systems • Transaction • Any business related exchange. • Transaction processing system (TPS) • An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions.Question: Give some examples class?

  32. Transaction Processing System

  33. E-Commerce E-Commerce • Any business transaction executed electronically between parties. Ebay

  34. Management Information System Management Information System • Organized set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to provide ROUTINEinformation to managers and decision makers for day-to-day decisions. • Question: Give some examples class? Too much overtime.

  35. Decision Support Systems The DSS supports locating the new assembly plant in Ireland. • Decision Support Systems (DSS) • A set of people, procedures, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. • Used for tactical decisions. • Question: Give some examples, class?

  36. Information Systems Decision Support Systems Management Information System Transaction Processing System

  37. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

  38. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Artificial Intelligence (AI) • A field that involves computer systems taking on the characteristics of human intelligence.

  39. Robotics Robots: • Work 7 days a week, 24 hours/day. • No benefit package. • Never complains. • Seldom makes mistakes. • Always shows up for work. • Has no hangover on Mondays. • Works for about $10.00 day. • Does not take coffee breaks. • Always does what it is told.

  40. Expert Systems I said you DON’T get the loan. Expert Systems (ES) • Gives the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field

  41. Systems Development Systems Development at Whirlpool Corporation

  42. Systems Development Systems Development • The activity of creating or modifying existing business systems.

  43. Systems Development Five Steps in Systems Development Investigation Analysis Design Implementation Review

  44. Systems Development • Systems Investigation • The purpose is to gain a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed. George, Whirlpool wants you to investigate exactly what the problem is and determine if it is worth solving.

  45. $395 $425 $474 $395.00 $375.00 $325.00 Systems Development • Systems Investigation • Whirlpool had a PROBLEM responding QUICKLY to competitors’ or their own price changes. • It took weeks to adjust prices. • When a competitor dropped its price, Whirlpool had to send out thousands of faxes and overnight packages. • When Whirlpool increased its prices, retail distributors got very upset when they were billed higher than expected.

  46. $395.00 $375.00 $325.00 Systems Development • Systems Analysis • Defines what the information system must do to solve the problem. • Put a team together to carefully examine the existing system’s problems and opportunities and suggest solutions. Analysis Team Members

  47. Systems Development • Systems Design • Determines how the new system will work to meet the business needs defined during systems analysis. • In this stage the system is designed, much like an architect would design a building. • The system is not built at this time, it is designed.

  48. Systems Development • Systems Implementation • Creating or acquiring the various system components defined in the design step, assembling them, and putting the new system into operation. • Hardware, software, people, procedures, database, communications.

  49. Systems Development System Maintenance and Review • Check and modify the system so that it continues to meet changing business needs.

  50. I know a lot about computer hardware and software but I don’t know how to apply it to my business needs. Literacy • Computer Literacy • A knowledge of computer systems and equipment and the ways they function.

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