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Introduction to Macroeconomics

Introduction to Macroeconomics. Working with Numbers and Graphs. Working with Numbers and Graphs. Working with Numbers Marginal Change and Analysis Percentage Change Elasticity Working with Graphs Relating Two Variables Graphical Representation Graphing an Equation

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Introduction to Macroeconomics

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  1. Introduction to Macroeconomics Working with Numbers and Graphs

  2. Working with Numbers and Graphs • Working with Numbers • Marginal Change and Analysis • Percentage Change • Elasticity • Working with Graphs • Relating Two Variables • Graphical Representation • Graphing an Equation • The Intercept of a Curve • The Slope of a Curve • Nonlinear Relationships

  3. Graph Plotting Area

  4. Graphing an Equation Y = 10 + 0.75 * X Slope = 0.75 = change in Y (rise) change in X (run) Intercept = 10 = value of Y when X equals 0

  5. Slopes Positive Slope (slope > 0) X and Y are directly related Negative Slope (slope < 0) X and Y are inversely related Zero Slope (slope = 0) Undefined Slope (slope = )

  6. Nonlinear Relationship:Study Time and Expected Grade Slope of Tangent (at X=4) = +8.6 Slope becomes zero at maximum Negative Slope Positive Slope

  7. Some examples

  8. Here you need only visualize the relevant right triangle. Its horizontal leg extends from the eave of the garage to the midpoint of the garage and therefore measures 10 feet. The slope of the roof, then, is 6 feet/10 feet, or 0.6.

  9. If you know the RISE and the RUN, you can find the SLOPE. Or, if you know the RUN and the SLOPE, you can find the RISE. Either way, the defining relationship is: SLOPE = RISE/RUN. The RUN, in the form of the tree's shadow, is given as 25 feet. The SLOPE, indicated by the relative lengths of the legs of the right triangle, is 0.6. We can write, then, that 0.6 = RISE/25. Multiplying both sides by 25, we see that RISE = 15. The evergreen tree is 15 feet tall.

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