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Scottish Building Standards

Scottish Building Standards. Section 6: ENERGY Domestic Handbook. BACKGROUND AND AIMS. Updated to improve building energy standards to address targets set within the Sullivan report resulting from climate change. Ensuring effective measures for the conservation of fuel and power.

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Scottish Building Standards

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  1. Scottish Building Standards Section 6: ENERGY Domestic Handbook

  2. BACKGROUND AND AIMS • Updated to improve building energy standards to address targets set within the Sullivan report resulting from climate change. • Ensuring effective measures for the conservation of fuel and power. • Limiting energy demand. • Encouragement of designers to incorporate low carbon equipment (LCE) within their designs.

  3. CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARD 6.1 • Introduction of SAP 2009 • Changes to the target and notional parts of the SAP calculation. • Updated guidance on the simplified approach for achieving carbon emission rates.

  4. www.bre.co.uk/sap2009

  5. CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS STANDARD 6.1 2009 Standards: 2010 Standards: NB. Where solid mineral fuel is proposed for the main space heating system, the TER should be calculated using the values identified for oil as a fuel (package 3).

  6. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.1New Build • Ventilation system natural ventilation with intermittent extract fans. 4 for dwellings with floor area more than 80 m2, 3 for smaller dwellings • Air infiltration through building fabric 7 m³/m²h at 50 Pa • Hot water cylinder (combined cylinder with 75 litre solar store) • Low energy light fittings 100% of fixed outlets • Party wall heat loss (applicable to cavity separating walls) 0.2 W/m²K

  7. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2 • 2007 Standards

  8. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2Extension • Existing Dwellingwith external walls/roof with a U-value poorer than 0.7/ 0.25 use column (a) pre 28 March 1983. • Existing Dwelling/with improvementswith external walls/roof with a U-value better than 0.7/ 0.25 use column (b). • The U-values (area weighted average U-values) for column (b).

  9. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2Extension

  10. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2Conversions of Heated Buildings

  11. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2Stand-alone buildings Heated stand alone building<50m2 either attached or detached Heated stand alone building>50m2 either attached or detached use SBEM

  12. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPE STANDARD 6.2 Air Tightness Testing • For building warrant applications applied for on or after 1st May 2011-flats and maisonettes only. • For building warrants applied for on or after 1stOctober 2011- all dwelling types. • For multi-plot sites 1 per 20 although this frequency may be increased and should cover all house types. • BSD to publish guidance document with regards to experience, qualifications and trade/professional body membership criteria. • All one off houses should be tested unless a default air tightness level of 15m³/m².h @ 50 pa is stated in the SAP calc.

  13. BUILDING INSULATION ENVELOPESome other changes • U-values of conservatory windows and roofs reduced from 3.3 w/m²ºC to 2.0 w/m²ºC. • Comprehensive revision of guidance on heating, lighting and ventilation controls to promote more efficient energy use. • Increased percentage of energy efficient lighting from 50% to 75%. • New clause on the efficiency of external lighting. Lighting to have a capacity no greater that 100w/lamp or 45 lm/W.

  14. Scottish Building Standards Section 6: ENERGY Non-Domestic Handbook

  15. Section 6 : Introduction to the changes: • The 2010 edition of section 6 incorporates a large number of changes whilst retaining the existing methodology introduced in 2007. The majority of these changes relate to improvement in specified performance to deliver the intended 30% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions.

  16. Annexes • Annex 6.C - revised guidance on modular and portable buildings for standards 6.1 & 6.2. • Annex 6.G - new annex on improving existing fixed building services when carrying out related building work.

  17. Standard 6.1 • European Directive fully harmonised within Scottish legislative framework(The Energy Performance of Buildings (Scotland) Amendment Regulations 2008). • No real change

  18. Clause 6.1.4 • Amendment of U-value for display windows; amended guidance on smoke vents; revised % guidance on rooflights to ensure TER more representative; clarification on % area for display widows. • Elemental U Value, Thermal bridging & Glazing area percentage tables to accompany Standard. • Display Windows: expected to be found on building types(defined); • Shops: including retail warehouse, undertakers, show-rooms, post offices, hairdressers, shops for sale of cold food for consumption off premises; • Financial: and professional services banks, building societies; • Estate and Employment Agencies; • Food and Drink: restaurants, pubs, wine bars, shops for sale of hot food for consumption off premises.

  19. Clause 6.1.4 • TER - Display Windows values for ‘notional’ building in Scotland of 5.7 W/m2K. • Display Windows includes glazed doors intended for sales purposes at pedestrian level up to 3m. • Glazing higher than 3 m above such an access level, or incorporates a fixed or opening light of less than 2 m², should not be considered part of a display window except: • where the size of individual products on display require a greater height of glazing; • Increases in display window area is subject to a Planning Condition. • Smoke vents: • Smoke vents and ventilation openings e.g intake and • discharge grilles are disregarded within area calculations and area considered as part of wall, floor, roof(as applicable) and not glazing.

  20. Table to Clause 6.1.4

  21. 6.1.5 Setting the building carbon emission rate • Scotland specific table for HVAC efficiencies & lighting power densities.

  22. 6.1.6 User defined information for ‘notional’ building • Simplified guidance on design data for notional building. Notional building’s areas and orientation to be the same as proposed building. • Mains gas as fuel source(where available) otherwise oil • Improvement factor for notional building cooling load(0.9).

  23. 6.1.7 Creating the target carbon dioxide emission rate (TER) • Setting the bar higher • Improvement factor applied to Cnotional to produce TER • For heated and naturally ventilated buildings (or parts thereof) use: TER = Cnotional x (1 - 0.15) x (1- 0.15) x (1- 0.26) • For heated and mechanically ventilated (including air-conditioned) buildings (or parts thereof) use: TER = Cnotional x (1 – 0.20) x (1- 0.15) x (1- 0.26)

  24. 6.1.8 Calculating the building carbon dioxide emission rate (BER) • Utilise appropriate fuel(s) • Meet backstop U values • Meet display window area/u Values.

  25. Low Carbon Equipment (LCE) • LCE includes the following types of technologies: • photovoltaics; • solar water heating; • wind turbines; • CHP; • district or block • LCE are included within the Improvement factor. LCE does not have to be installed in the actual building (may require enhanced insulation envelope, more efficient HVAC, etc to compensate).

  26. 6.1.9 Adjustment of BER 6.1.10 Shell and fit out buildings • Power correction factors available for enhance control systems (electrical)

  27. 6.2 Building insulation envelope

  28. 6.2.5 Limiting heat loss through thermal bridging • Reference to improved guidance document

  29. 6.2.6 Limiting air infiltration • To limit heat loss by uncontrolled air infiltration a heated building should be provided with a continuous barrier that resists air movement(VAPOUR BARRIER) • To the inside of the building; • the ‘warm’ side of insulation layers; and • spaces between the component parts of exposed building elements, • where such parts contribute to the thermal performance of the element. • In shell only, air permeability should not exceed 7 m³/m².h at 50 Pa. • Air testing at shell and fit-out. • Recommended that buildings are designed to achieve a value of 10 m³/m².h @ 50 Pa • Limiting air infiltration to improve energy performance should not compromise • ventilation required for: • the health of the occupants of the building (section 3); and • the removal of moisture from building fabric (section 3); and • the safe operation of combustion appliances (section 3); and • any smoke control system (section 2).

  30. 6.2.7 Air-tightness testing • When - Air infiltration testing is being phased in, following guidance applicable for building warrant applications made on or after 1 May 2011. • Competency - Testing should be carried out by persons who can demonstrate relevant, recognised expertise in measuring the air permeability of buildings. This should include membership of a professional organisation which accredits its members as competent to test and confirm the results of testing.

  31. 6.2.7 Air-tightness testing • Where -

  32. 6.2.7 Air-tightness testing • Further Guidance on test methods • BR 448:'Air Leakage in commercial and public buildings' • BR 448:'Air Leakage in commercial and public buildings'

  33. 6.2.9 Conversion of heated buildings • Improved U-values (aligned with domestic guidance).

  34. 6.2.11 Extensions to the insulation envelope • Elemental U Values as per Unheated Conversion standards. • Varying U-values ‘Compensatory approach’. In line with Domestic guidance i.e trade offs/area. • Maximum areas of doors, windows & rooflights areas as a percentage of floor area. • Alternative approach • SBEM for extension only or entire building as extended(unlikely).

  35. 6.3 Heating system & achieving optimum energy efficiency. • Improving energy performance of existing buildings • The 2010 standards introduce a requirement to assess and improve the energy performance of an existing building. This is achieved through improvement of existing fixed building services to meet current standards. Where building work involving such services is carried out, guidance on the application of this requirement is noted under clause 6.3.11, with further explanation within annex 6.G.

  36. 6.3.1 Appliance efficiency • Performance criteria for heating systems in similar fashion to that of Domestic e.g COPs, SEDBUKs, etc.

  37. 6.3.2 CHPQA Quality Index (CHP(QI)) • OH no, not another acronym!! • Combined Heat and Power Quality Assurance. • Web Link: www.chpqa.com • CHP(QI) minimum of 105(exc. Electricity) + efficiency > 20%. • Non-Domestic CHP guidance applies to systems <500kWe. • Domestic(6.3.7) CHP guidance applies to systems <5kWe • ’NCM Modelling Guide for Scotland’: Recently published.

  38. CHPQA!

  39. 6.3.3 Boiler plant controls

  40. 6.3.11 Work on existing buildings • This has implications • Alterations within Existing Buildings. • Where an entirely new or replacement heating system is being installed as part of an alteration, extension or conversion refer to the guidance in previous clauses i.e must meet current Standards. • Annex 6.G – ‘Improvement to the energy performance of existing building services when carrying out building work’.

  41. 6.3.12 Heating efficiency credits in existing buildings • Information of measures and associated credits and examples of this process are given in annex 6.F.

  42. 6.4.3 Work on existing buildings • Useful new table for the maximum heat loss allowed per storage volume.

  43. 6.4.3 Work on existing buildings • Installations exposed during alterations should be insulated to current Standards as are as reasonably practicable. • Replacement hot water cylinders to meet current standards

  44. 6.5 Artificial and display lighting • Promotion of LED lamps/new technology and adaptability of system design. • Explanatory notes on terminology

  45. 6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency Brief note: • It is essential to note that Luminaires and Lamps are not the same thing. • A Lamp is a light source(usually electric). • A Luminaire is the lamp and its control gear(switching, light sensing control, etc) • Lumens per circuit-watt(bangs per buck) units of measurement are lm/W

  46. 6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency • Installations exposed during alterations should be insulated to current Standards as are as reasonably practicable. • The lighting design should be to the guidance within: • Society of Light and Lighting (CIBSE) Code for Lighting 2009, • BRE Non Domestic Lighting GBG 61

  47. 6.5.1 Artificial lighting efficiency • What do Lumens per circuit-watt relate to in the real world

  48. 6.5.2 Display lighting efficiency • Not applicable to buildings <50m2. • Considered efficient when: • Average installed lighting/lamp capacity efficiency of at least 22 lm/W • Or • At least 95% of lighting power consumption(W) has an efficiency of at least 22 lm/W • Ie. 5% of lighting power consumed(W) can be from any source so long as the remainder meets the 22 lm/W threshold.

  49. 6.5.3 Controls for artificial and display lighting • Not applicable to buildings <50m2 • This form of lighting should be provided with separate and dedicated circuits to allow easy switching when not in use. • Lighting designed to the guidance standards within these documents can be considered to meet the Standards: • BRE Non Domestic Lighting GBG 61 • Society of Light and Lighting (CIBSE) Code for Lighting 2009

  50. Just checking you weren’t asleep!

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