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This article explores advanced imaging methods for visualizing hidden structures in turbid media, such as biological tissues. We discuss various techniques including Confocal Microscopy (C(M)), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), Orthogonal Polarization Spectral Imaging (OPS), Photoacoustics (PA), Time-of-Flight Tomography (TOF), and Frequency-modulated Tomography (FM). Each method’s depth resolution, which can range from micrometers to millimeters, is analyzed, focusing on their applications in biomedical research and diagnostics. The integration of these technologies enhances our ability to investigate complex tissue environments.
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100 Depth resolution [mm] 10 TOF / FM 1 PA: 100 NIR OCT/OPS Depth resolution [m] 10 PA: green (C)M 1 1 10 100 1 10 100 Depth [m] Depth [mm] Imaging methods for hidden structures in turbid media (tissue) C(M) : (confocal) microscopy OCT: optical coherence tomography OPS: orthogonal polarization spectral imaging PA: photoacoustics TOF: time-of-flight tomography FM: frequency-modulated tomography