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Discover the fascinating microstates of Europe, including Andorra, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City. These tiny nations each have unique histories, from Andorra's roots in Charlemagne's support against the Moors to the Vatican's prominent role as the heart of the Catholic Church. With diverse climates ranging from the cool Pyrenees to the Mediterranean warmth, their populations, languages, and dominant religions reflect rich cultural tapestries. Learn how tourism, banking, and smuggling shape their economies and governance structures.
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Andorra-created by Charlemagne in thanks for support against Moors, Principality formed in 1278 • Location: • in Pyrenees Mtns, (174 sq. mi.) • Climate: • Cooler because of elevation • People: • 83,000 • Speak Catalan, Spanish and French • Mostly Roman Catholic • Economy: Tourism, Sheep herding, manufacture of cigarettes, cigars, tax haven, smuggling • Gov’t: Constitutional co-principality
Liechtenstein-with a long history of independence, has been a recognized country with sovereignty since 1818 • Location: • In Alps (62 sq. mi.) • Climate: • Southern Winds moderate, snow in winter • People: • 33,000 • Germanic • Catholic • Economy: 73,000 companies are registered in Liechtenstein • Gov’t: • Constitutional Monarchy • Prince
Luxembourg-history dates from 963, but Grand Duke of the House of Nassau came to throne in 1890 • Location • Between Belgium, Germany and France (999 sq. mi.) • Climate: Marine W. Coast • People: • 500,000 • French/German blend • 87% catholic • Economy: Banking and other financial • Gov’t: Constitutional Monarchy • Grand Duchy
Malta • Location: • In Mediterranean, South of Sicily • 124 Sq. mi • Climate: Mediterranean • People: • 413,000 • Maltese, w/ Italian and English influence • Roman Catholic • Economy: • Entrepot port • Gov’t: • Parliamentary Democracy • President as Head of State
Monaco • Location: • SW Coast from France • 0.6 sq. mi • Climate: Mediterranean • People: 33,000 • Monagasques out numbered by French • Roman Catholics • Economy: • Tax haven • Grand Prix • Gov’t: • Constitutional Monarchy • Prince Rainier (Grimaldi)
San Marino • Location: • Enclave in Italy • 23 sq. mi. • Climate: Mediterranean • People: • Sammarinese • Italian and Catholic • 30,000 • Economy: Tourism, Postage Stamps • Gov’t: • Multiparty parliamentary democracy • Captains Regents as executives
Vatican City • Location: • Surrounded by Rome • Smallest Country (0.17 sq. mi.) • Climate: • Mediterranean • People: 900 • Either clergy or church officials • Swiss Guards • Economy: Tourism, Church affairs • Gov’t: sacerdotal-monarchistic • The Pope is in charge