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Chapter 2—Economy and Government in New France

Chapter 2—Economy and Government in New France. Social Studies 7. Government in New France. Royal Takeover—in 1663, King Louis XIV takes direct control of New France from the Company of 100 Associates because of their inability to increase productivity of the colony

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Chapter 2—Economy and Government in New France

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  1. Chapter 2—Economy and Government in New France Social Studies 7

  2. Government in New France • Royal Takeover—in 1663, King Louis XIV takes direct control of New France from the Company of 100 Associates because of their inability to increase productivity of the colony • Lack of interest by the company in building settlements—focus was on trading for furs • Without settlements, few new settlers arrived. Fewer people = fewer profits =  King

  3. Government in New France • King Louis establishes the Sovereign Council to oversee the government of the colony—although he kept absolute control, he delegated power to a number of appointed councillors and three key officials: • Governor—most powerful member of the Council. Represents the King directly, supervises local governors, sees to the defence of the colony and its foreign relations • Intendant—second-in-command. Oversees day-to-day business in the colony, eg. Infrastructure, industry and economy, etc. • Bishop—head of the Catholic Church in the region, ensured that the Church’s voice was heard in decisions made by the Council

  4. Government in New France • Expenses in the colony were paid in part by the Crown, which resulted in lower taxes for colonists (WHY?) • The Crown and Sovereign Council held absolute power over the colony—rules and laws (some different than those back in France) had to be followed by citizens, and citizens had opportunities to make their voices heard. Overall, there were fewer restrictions in place and more freedoms for citizens of New France than they had back home. • Development of a culture distinct from France—in what ways?

  5. New France’s Distinct Culture • How do you think culture (or peoples’ attitudes/outlook) might have been different in New France from the home country?

  6. The Catholic Church • Majority of New France’s settlers were Catholic—similar to France • Members of the Church helped to build the colony—oversaw various public institutions (hospitals, schools, etc). Colonists helped to support the Church with somewhat mandatory donations—called a “tithe” • The tithe was also a spiritual obligation, or a way to prove devotion to the faith and get a ticket into heaven • Main goal was to secure and spread the Catholic faith—what major group in the area do you think they focused on?

  7. The Seigneurial System • Basic social structure of New France—included the way people, land, and capital were organized. • Large pieces of farmland (seigneuries) along the St. Lawrence River were granted to nobles (some ex-soldiers) in return for loyalty and support • Seigneurs were responsible for renting out the land to generate profits—did so by renting out the land to habitants

  8. The Seigneurial System • Each group—habitants and seigneurs—had responsibilities towards one another according to the law • Habitants responsible for paying a portion of profits from harvest each growing season to the seigneur to rent the land (who else did the habitants pay?) • Seigneurs responsible for building mills and churches on the land for the habitants to use • Possibilities for abuse

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