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Geographic Information Systems G.I.S.

Geographic Information Systems G.I.S. G.I.S. What exactly is GIS? How does it work? GIS Technologies ArcView. Geographic Information Systems. Attribute Information: What is it?. Location Information: Where is it?. Species: Oak Height: 15m Age: 75 Yrs. 51°N, 112°W.

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Geographic Information Systems G.I.S.

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  1. Geographic Information Systems G.I.S.

  2. G.I.S. What exactly is GIS? How does it work? GIS Technologies ArcView

  3. Geographic Information Systems Attribute Information: What is it? Location Information: Where is it? Species: Oak Height: 15m Age: 75 Yrs 51°N, 112°W Describing Our World • We can describe any element of our world in two ways:

  4. GIS - Links Data Sets • GIS software links the location data and the attribute data:

  5. Attribute Questions: What provinces have more than 1.5 million people? Spatial Questions: What provinces border Saskatchewan? GIS - Analysis • GIS software can answer questions about our world:

  6. GIS - Analysis • GIS can analyze data in many ways:

  7. Base Map Data • Elevation • Surface Geology GIS - Layers • GIS contains many layers of information: These are just a few of the kinds of layers a GIS can contain:

  8. GIS Tables Maps • Relational Database Management Systems • Computer Assisted Design and Graphics Software Query • Statistical Analysis and Reporting Packages GIS Technology • GIS borrows from other software technology:

  9. Summary - What is GIS? • GIS is about using data to describe our world in two ways: • Location Data - Where is it? • Attribute Data - What is it? • GIS software maintains a link between layers of location and attribute data • With the Link, we can ask questions about our world… • We Can Explore it!

  10. ArcView Basics

  11. The ArcView GUI Menus, Buttons, Tools Document Types Active vs. Visible Themes

  12. Menus, Buttons, Tools Menu Bar: Contains ArcView pull-down menus grouped by function type. Window Title Bar: Use to select a window and move windows around the screen Tool Bar: Click a tool and it becomes active (pushed in). Apply the tool inside a document to execute the function. Button Bar: Contains ArcView command buttons. Click a button once to execute a function. Tool Tips: Hold the mouse pointer over a Button or Tool to get its name. Also look in the Status Bar

  13. ArcView Project Window • A Project is a file that organizes all the information you need to do your work. • It lists the icons for ArcView’s five main documents. You open, print or create documents using these buttons. Your documents are listed here. Choose a document type from these icons.

  14. ArcView Documents • Views - Contain the map data or Themes. • Tables - Tables show the attribute data attached to your map data. • Charts - These are Chart and Graph displays of your data. • Layouts - Layouts are where you assemble your map for printing - it’s your final printed page. • Scripts - These are used to enter Avenue code to customize ArcView.

  15. The View Document • Document where your working map is displayed. • You can: • pan and zoom • create and edit features • perform queries • and more…

  16. The Table Document • Contains all the table manipulation controls. • Manipulate, edit or create attribute data. • You can: • join tables • perform queries • summarize statistics • and more…

  17. The Chart Document • This document displays tabular data graphically. • Charts are dynamically linked to tables and views.

  18. The Layout Document • Assemble all components of your project for printing. • You can: • insert frames for views, tables, charts • add a scale bar and north arrow

  19. The Script Document • This where you can write Avenue scripts that will allow you to customize ArcView. • Some functions in ArcView are accessible through the script document. • Mostly for advanced users.

  20. ArcView - The “Active” GIS • The “Active” Document: • Document window that you are currently working with (View, Table…) • The menus, buttons, and tools will look different with each document. • Make documents “active” by: • Single-click on the document window • Choose document name from Window menu

  21. ArcView - The “Active” GIS • The “Active” Theme: • Not to be confused with “Visible” • Before you work with a theme, it needs to be “active”. • Some tools only work with “active” themes (e.g.. Identify tool). Active Not Active Visible Not Visible

  22. Setting Theme Status • Setting Visible or Active Status: • To make a theme “Visible”, single-click on the Visibility Selector • To make a theme “Active”, single-click on the Theme Name Window Title Bar Visibility Selector Theme Name View Area (map) Table of Contents

  23. ArcView Functions Data Manipulation Data Analysis Data Presentation Customization

  24. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Data Creation • Table Digitizing traces objects on a paper map • Uses a digitizing tablet • Heads-up Digitizing traces objects on the screen • Scanned map, air photo or satellite image

  25. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Data Editing • Data stored in tables (spreadsheets) • Tables composed of Records • Records composed of Fields • New tables can be created, and data added and changed...

  26. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Event Mapping • Tables often contain location information. This can be converted to points.

  27. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Address Matching • Matches address data to streets to create points.

  28. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Table Query • ArcView can answer questions about the attribute data... • How many countries will have a population of more than 30 million in the year 2000?

  29. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Joining Tables • Some data is stored external databases • To be used by a GIS, these tables must be joined to a map.

  30. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Spatial Query • ArcView can answer questions about the location of entities... • How many customers live within 500m of a highway?

  31. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Thematic Maps • ArcView supports thematic mapping... Graduated Colour Chart Maps

  32. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Graphs / Charts • ArcView can also produce traditional charts and graphs based on map data... Pie Chart

  33. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Map Design • Bring everything together in a Layout... Legend Map Views North Arrow Text Scale Bar Graphs

  34. Manipulation Analysis Presentation Hot-Linking • Objects on map can be “Hot-Linked” to other applications...

  35. Customization • ArcView GIS includes Avenue™ • Avenue is a true Object-Oriented Programming language • ArcView’s Graphical User Interface (GUI) can be fully customized

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