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Rociadores ESFR Utilizados en Bodegas de Almacenamiento

Rociadores ESFR Utilizados en Bodegas de Almacenamiento. Victoria B. Valentine, P.E. Technical Director International Fire Sprinkler Association. **Based on 2013 Edition of NFPA 13**. Incendios difíciles. Fires that give off large quantities of hot gasses (mass) at high velocities

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Rociadores ESFR Utilizados en Bodegas de Almacenamiento

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  1. Rociadores ESFR Utilizados en Bodegas de Almacenamiento Victoria B. Valentine, P.E. Technical Director International Fire Sprinkler Association **Based on 2013 Edition of NFPA 13**

  2. Incendiosdifíciles • Fires that give off large quantities of hot gasses (mass) at high velocities • Mass x Velocity = Momentum • Water droplets from sprinklers need to have enough momentum to penetrate hot gasses from fire

  3. Teoría de la extinción de incendios • The theory behind the suppression oriented sprinkler was developed by Factory Mutual in the 1980's • Fire Control vs. Fire Suppression

  4. Definiciones • Fire Control - Limiting the size of fire by distribution of water so as to decrease the heat release rate and pre-wet adjacent combustibles, while controlling ceiling gas temperatures to avoid structural damage • Fire Suppression - Sharply reducing the heat release rate of a fire and preventing its regrowth by means of direct and sufficient application of water through the fire plume to the burning fuel surface

  5. Elegir un diseño HRR Time Fire Control Fire Suppression HRR Time

  6. Terminología • Required Delivered Density (RDD) • The amount of water necessary at the surface of a burning fuel to suppress a fire consisting of that fuel. (gpm/ft2 or mm/min) • As the Heat Release Rate (HRR) of a fire increases, the RDD increases • BTU/min, J/s or W

  7. Curva RDD Density Heat Release Rate

  8. Terminología • Actual Delivered Density (ADD) • The amount of water that leaves the sprinkler and penetrates the fire plume to reach the surface of a burning fuel to suppress a fire consisting of that fuel. (gpm/ft2 or mm/min) • As the Heat Release Rate (HRR) of a fire increases, the ADD decreases • BTU/min, J/s or W

  9. Curva ADD Density Heat Release Rate

  10. Extinción de incendios RDD Suppression Point Density ADD HRR SuppressionNot Suppression

  11. Rociadores ESFR • Definition in Section 3.6.4.2 • “A type of fast response sprinkler that . . . is listed for its capability to provide fire suppression of specific high challenge fire hazards.”

  12. Rociadores ESFR • First used in 1989 • Fire suppression of high challenge occupancies • May eliminate the need for in-rack sprinklers • Wet pipe systems only • Antifreeze or dry, if listed

  13. Rociadores ESFR y NFPA 13 • Limitations on Use – 8.4.6 • Spacing and Location (including obstructions) 8.12 • Discharge Criteria – Chapters 12-21 • Minimum pressure at each sprinkler • Number of sprinklers in the design area

  14. Rociadores ESFR al principio • K-14 pendent • One-size-fits-most • Storage up to 25 ft • Ceiling up to 30 ft • Pressure of 50 psi • One set of installation rules including spacing, obstructions, deflector distance from ceiling

  15. Tamaños de Rociadores ESFR • K-11.2 Upright (KM-160) • No longer manufactured • K-14 Pendent (KM-200) • K-14 Upright (KM-200) • K-16.8 Pendent (KM-240) • K-16.8 Upright (KM-240) • K-22.4 Pendent (KM-320) • K-25.2 Pendent (KM-360)

  16. Rociadores ESFR K-14 Pendent KM-200 K-14 Upright KM-200 K-11.2 Upright KM-160 K-25.2 Pendent KM-360 K-16.8 Upright and Pendent KM-240

  17. Rociadores ESFR • Can protect a wide variety of hazards (no open top containers) • Group A plastics (extremely tall buildings) • Flammable and combustible liquids • Solid shelves with in-rack sprinklers • Some ESFR sprinklers listed for use with propylene glycol up to Class II commodity • No longer one-size-fits most New

  18. Rociadores ESFR en Section 8.4.6 • Wet pipe sprinkler systems • Roof slope only allowed up to 2 in 12 • Only the following types of roof/ceiling: • 1) Unobstructed Construction • 2) Obstructed Construction (non-combustible) where the depth of the solid structural members does not exceed 12 inches • 3) Obstructed Construction where the depth of the structural member exceeds 12 inches and sprinklers are installed in each channel formed by structural members and the minimum spacing and location rules of 8.12 are followed

  19. Rociadores ESFR y cortinas de aire • Generally do not want draft curtains with ESFR sprinklers • Draft curtains required by NFPA 13 when standard response sprinklers are in the same compartment • Noncombustible • At least 2 ft deep • Centered over minimum 4 ft wide aisle

  20. Espaciamiento y ubicación en Section 8.12 • Maximum 100 ft2 (9.3m2) per sprinkler • Minimum 64 ft2 (7.4 m2) per sprinkler • Caution: Beware the number of sprinklers in design area • Maximum 12 ft (3.6m) between sprinklers • Minimum 8 ft (2.4m) between sprinklers • When storage heights exceed 25 ft (7.6m) or the roof/ceiling height exceeds 30 ft (9.1m), the maximum distance between sprinklers is 10 ft (3m) • also see offset rules 8.12.2.2.3 & 8.12.2.2.4

  21. Obstrucciones a rociadores ESFR colgantes • “Beam Rule” • Isolated Obstructions • only blocking one sprinkler • Continuous Obstructions • blocking more than one sprinkler in a row, including diagonally

  22. Obstrucciones continua – “Beam Rule” b a Obstruction

  23. Obstruccionesaisladas • Install sprinklers below isolated non-continuous obstructions that are located below the elevation of the sprinkler Exceptions: • Sprinklers meeting “beam rule” • Obstruction is 24 inches or less in width and sprinkler is at least 12 inches away horizontally • Obstructions 2 inches or less in width located at least 24 inches below the deflector • Sprinklers with special obstruction allowance installed in accordance with their listing

  24. Obstrucciones continua • For continuous obstructions that are located entirely below the elevation of the sprinkler, choose one option: • Meet “beam rule” • Install a row of sprinklers under the obstruction • Meet one of the exceptions on the following slide

  25. Obstrucciones continua • Exceptions to “Beam Rule” or putting sprinklers under continuous obstructions • Obstructions 24 inches or less in width and sprinkler is at least 24 inches away horizontally • Obstructions 12 inches or less in width and sprinkler is at least 12 inches away horizontally • Obstructions 2 inches or less in width located at least 24 inches below the deflector • Sprinklers with special obstruction allowance installed in accordance with their listing

  26. Obstruccionesabajo de rociadores ESFR • ESFR sprinklers are NOT allowed in centerline of bar joist or open truss unless specifically listed for this End View Side View DoNOT Do This ! ! !

  27. Rociadores ESFR con cerchas Most ESFR sprinklers must be at least 12 inches (0.3 m) from the near edge of bar joists or trusses X > 12 inches (0.3 m) x End View Side View

  28. Rociadores ESFR - “Shift” Rule • Spacing rules of 100 ft2 per sprinkler and maximum 10 ft between sprinklers can be violated to avoid obstructions under the following conditions: • Move one sprinkler up to 1 ft on each branch line, or move one branch line up to 1 ft • Average actual floor area between moved sprinkler (or branch line) and adjacent ones is still 100 ft2

  29. Ejemplo de “Shift” Rule 4” wide flanges on bar joists 18” c-c 10’ Wall 16” 16” 10” 5’-6” 4’ 10’ 10’ 10’ 8’-6” 10’

  30. Example of Shift Rule 4” wide flanges on bar joists 10’ Wall 16” 16” 16” 5’-6” 4’ 10’ 10’ 10’-6” 8’ 10’

  31. Ubicación de deflector • For all ESFR sprinklers, minimum clearance of 36 inches (0.9m) from top of storage to sprinkler deflector • Distance down from ceiling varies from sprinkler to sprinkler

  32. Ubicación de deflector

  33. Productos y arreglos • Tables in NFPA 13 and Special Listings • Class I – IV Commodities • Group A Plastics • Rubber Tire Storage • Roll Paper Storage • Automotive Components • Tables in NFPA 30B – Aerosol Storage • Tables in NFPA 30 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids

  34. Productos y arreglos • No open top containers • No solid shelves • New tests being run all the time

  35. Productos y arreglos • K-14 ESFR sprinklers are no longer permitted to protect buildings over 35 ft high • This is for new systems • Buildings up to 45 ft high are still allowed with in-rack sprinkler protection New

  36. Normas de NFPA y rociadores ESFR

  37. Normas de NFPA y rociadores ESFR

  38. Normas de NFPA y rociadores ESFR

  39. El área de diseño de rociadores ESFR • 12 Sprinklers • See next slide for exceptions • Calculate 4 sprinklers on each branch line • Calculate 3 branch lines • Minimum design area of 960 ft2 • removed in 2010 Edition

  40. Excepciones al área de diseño • Where protecting rubber tires in a laced array, calculate 20 sprinklers (5 sprinklers on 4 branch lines) • For automotive components in accordance with Table 20.2 of NFPA 13, calculate 16 sprinklers

  41. Componentes de automoción con rociadores ESFR • In addition to 16 ESFR sprinkler (K-25.2) calculation at 37 psi, also need to calculate for 0.6 gpm/ft2 over 4000 ft2 • At 100 ft2 spacing • Minimum flow of 67 gpm at 7 psi • Note: 60 gpm would normally be the minimum flow, but with the orifice of the sprinkler, that would be below 7 psi • Minimum of 40 sprinklers

  42. Rociadores en rack • Only required when ESFR sprinklers are at the ceiling for the following arrangements: • Class I-IV commodities stored 45 ft high buildings with k-14 or k-16.8 ESFR sprinklers • Plastics stored in 45 ft high buildings with k-14 or k-16.8 ESFR sprinklers • Below solid shelves

  43. Rociadores en rack para NFPA 13 • Install 1 level • Tier closest to, but not over half the height of the rack structure • Locate at intersection of longitudinal and transverse flues, do not exceed 5 ft horizontally • Use K-8.0 sprinklers, quick response, ordinary temperature • Calculate 8 most demanding sprinklers at 50 psi

  44. Otrascosas de suministro de agua • Hose Stream Demand • Usually 250 gpm • 500 or 750 gpm where ESFR ceiling discharge area requirements exceed 12 sprinklers • Duration • Usually 1 hour • 2 or 3 hours where ESFR ceiling discharge area requirements exceed 12 sprinklers

  45. Ejemplo de rociadores ESFR differentes • Group A Plastics in cartons • Stored on Multiple-Row Racks • 30 ft maximum storage height • 40 ft maximum ceiling height • Compare requirements for K-14 pendent and K-25.2 pendent ESFR sprinklers

  46. Ejemplo de rociadores ESFR differentes - K14 ESFR (Pendent) • From Table 17.3.3.1 • Pressure at sprinkler, 90 psi • In-rack sprinklers required • Hose stream demand of 250 gpm • Water supply duration of 1 hour • From Calculations • Minimum flow from each sprinkler, 133 gpm • Calculate 12 sprinklers, 4 sprinklers on 3 branch lines balance with in-rack system

  47. Ejemplo de rociadores ESFR differentes - K25.2 ESFR (Pendent) • From Table 17.3.3.1 • Pressure at sprinkler, 25 psi • No in-rack sprinklers required • Hose stream demand of 250 gpm • Water supply duration of 1 hour • From Calculations • Minimum flow from each sprinkler, 126 gpm • Calculate 12 sprinklers, 4 sprinklers on 3 branch lines

  48. ¡Gracias porsuatención! International Fire Sprinkler Association www.sprinklerworld.org Stand #108

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