1 / 47

Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience

This document presents the experience and developments of the CMS GEM collaboration, detailing the progression of large area GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) technologies discussed during the Alice TPC workshops in 2014. It covers prototype designs, including the GE1/1 series, assembly methods, and testing results, showcasing innovations in GEM foil production, gap configurations, and mechanical stretching techniques. Key challenges like thermal expansion and gluing processes are also addressed, providing insight into the future of detector technology for high-energy physics experiments.

conner
Télécharger la présentation

Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice TPC workshop 16/06/2014 Jeremie Merlin IPHC-CERN On Behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  2. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  3. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2009-2010 • Small prototypes, bench tests. • First Large-area GEM foils produced with Single Mask technology • First large-area GE1/1 prototype; beam test Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  4. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • GEM foil fixed on Plexiglas frame • At 39°C -> thermal expanding of the frame • Low stretching forces  stretching under control • But : • Long process • Many gluing steps • Requires uniform heating • Issues with trapezoidal shapes Thermo-stretching Method: Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  5. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype I: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/2/2/2 • 8 readout sectors (1024 channels) • Glue/Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 22.8°C P: 975 hPa Hu: 14% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 22.3°C P: 974 hPa Hu: 16% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  6. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2011 • - GE1/1-II prototype (smaller gaps b/w GEMs) • - “GEM Collaboration (GEMs for CMS)” constitutes itself in May (76 collab. from 15 inst. ) • - Summer beam tests (including first test in CMS test magnet) • - NS2 GEM foil assembly technique w/o spacers • - Preliminary electronics design starts Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  7. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype II: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • Glue/Spacers Gain Effective Gain Rate (Hz) Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 22°C P: 954 hPa Hu: 46% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 20.5°C P: 952 hPa Hu: 27% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  8. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2012 • Working Groups (Physics, Trigger Simulations, Integration Services, Electronics and DAQ, Detector HW) with weekly meetings • Beam tests – Magnetic Field Operation and fine space and time resolution on large size established • GE1/1-III prototype designed (new GEM design “mechanical stretching”) • 2013 • GE1/1-IV prototype designed (mechanical stretching) • Collaboration Expanded 42 Institutions, more than 200collaborators • GE1/1-IV – 6 produced in 2013 (Two outside CERN); 6 potential production sites • Beam test at Fermilab with GE1/1-IV + 6 smaller detectors • Long term tests + Materials study Launched Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  9. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Internal movable structure to hold the GEM foils • Lateral screws to pull the internal structure -> Possibility to open the chamber and replace foils -> Stretching can be adjusted -> No glue in the gas volume -> No spacers in the active area -> Only 2 hours for the assembly Mechanical stretching Method (version 1): Movie : https://www.dropbox.com/s/ru5ptplzmsu1lv2/Optimus%202.0%20small.mp4 Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  10. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype III: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 23.1°C P: 964 hPa Hu: 41% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 23.5°C P: 958 hPa Hu: 34% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  11. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype IV: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers Gain Rate (Hz) Effective Gain Ar/CO2 (70/30) T°: 21.1°C P: 954 hPa Hu: 31% Xray 8keV Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) T°: 21.9°C P: 959 hPa Hu: 32% Xray 8keV Divider current (uA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  12. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • 2013 continued • Electronics and DAQ groups take big steps : proto FPGA /GEB/uTCA in hand • TDR requested by CMS management; Slice Test Approved (DESY MB 2013) • Simulations, Reconstruction Group advance; Geometry GE1/1-V Final • GE1/1-V -> 10 “Final” detectors launched for production: 3 Long on way • TIF Area being readied for “Proto-Slice Test”, Production and QC • 2014 • Optohybridat the TIF Lab • GE2/1 & ME0 Geometry Advances to version 2 • Simulations • Training sessions VFAT CMS Hybrids CERN production/QC site (TIF) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  13. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Internal movable structure to hold the GEM foils • Lateral screws to pull the internal structure -> Possibility to open the chamber and replace foils -> Stretching can be adjusted -> No glue in the gas volume -> No spacers in the active area -> Only 2 hours for the assembly Mechanical stretching Method (version 2): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ssuqh5GAVZ4&feature=youtu.be Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  14. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience GE1/1- prototype V: • Size : 99x(22-45) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers GE1/1- prototype VI: • Size : 120x(20-50) cm2 • Single mask • Gap configuration : 3/1/2/1 • 24 readout sectors (3072 channels) • No Glue/No Spacers -> Super chambers Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  15. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control • GEM foil testing (Leakage current & stability) •  Assembly of the single detector • Gas leak test • HV test and connectivity • Gain calibration and Gain uniformity test •  Assembly of the Super-chambers • Cosmic stand (efficiency & Readout connectivity) •  Storage  Installation CERN production/QC site (TIF) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  16. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control GEM foil testing Voltage Leakage current (nA) Leakage current : -> Burn the dust -> Good stability (30min-1h) -> No discharges at 600 V -> GEM current : < 1 nA / 100 cm2 Environment : pure N2 T°,P and Hu% monitoring < 0.5 nA Time (s) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  17. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control Gas leak test Based on gas flow rate : -> needs accurate (expensive) flow controllers and flow meters Based on pressure drop : -> needs accurate (expensive) pressure regulators and pressure sensors Based on water level (U-tube): -> Cheap -> Accurate -> Can be automated Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  18. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control HV and connectivity test HV Circuit : -> Ceramic divider -> Protection resistances -> HV & ground connections -> HV filter HV test : -> Measure I-V curve -> Good stability (few hours) -> No discharges Environment : pure CO2 (or N2) T°,P and Hu% monitoring GE1/1- I & II GE1/1-III GE1/1-IV GE1/1-V Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  19. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience • Simultaneous gain measurement • No effects from environment • Full granularity (single readout strip) • Fast test (2-3 days) CMS GEM Quality Control Gain uniformity test 1,20 m SRS APV Xrays // 8 keV trigger Pulse from the bottom of the last GEM Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  20. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Hit map : ADC cut to remove noise Strip position Main peak (ADC channel) vs X position (mm) Counts Strip position Energy (ADC channels) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 20

  21. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience PRELIMINARY PRELIMINARY Peak position (ADC) Position Y (mm) Position X (mm) From preliminary study (2013) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  22. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Quality Control Cosmic Stand Cosmic Stand: 15 x GE1/1 S-chambers 10 scintillators+PMTs 4 gas lines Cooling system Goals : Efficiency measurement Basic tracking Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  23. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary • All detectors went to test beam (v5 in 2014) • Triggering and tracking from RD51 tracker • Standard measurements • HV scan • Efficiency plots • Cluster size • Space resolution • Time resolution • Properties in magnetic field • Gas mixture • E field configuration Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  24. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary • All detectors went to test beam (v5 in 2014) • Triggering and tracking from RD51 tracker • Standard measurements • HV scan • Efficiency plots • Cluster size • Space resolution • Time resolution • Properties in magnetic field • Gas mixture • E field configuration Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  25. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Efficiency GE1/1-IV GE1/1-I GE1/1-II Efficiency fully compatible with standard double-mask GEM detectors Eff > 97% for Ar/CO2 (70/30) and Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  26. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Residuals GE1/1-I GE1/1-III GE1/1 residuals fully compatible with expected values (depending on the readout pitch)  Detectors show residuals < 100 um with ZigZag readout board ZZ readout Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  27. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Test Beam summary Time resolution Trigger synchronized with the electronics  Probability to read the event the central clock cycle GE1/1 Time resolution < 5 ns in Ar/CO2/CF4 with gap configuration 3/1/2/1 Synchronous measurements shows > 96% probability to detect events in the same clock cycle Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  28. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Classical aging test Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  29. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Irradiated Sector 1 Use of attenuation filters • -> GE1/1-IV : • Gas gain : 2x104 • Ar/CO2/CF4:45/15/40 • Gas flow rate : 0.5L/h • Max interaction rate : kHz/cm2 • -> GIF / common facility • - frequent use of lead filters • -> First observations : • - interaction rate similar to CMS • - accumulated charge : 9 mC/cm2 • No aging effect observed in the GE1/1 detector up to 9mC/cm2 in realistic conditions • Investigations for better corrections PRELIMINARY Electronics baseline fluctuation ? Irradiated Sector 2 Use of attenuation filters PRELIMINARY Electronics baseline fluctuation ? Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  30. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies • Procedure : • -> Reference measurements with 10x10 GEM chamber • - Purity check with SWPC • Insertion of the sample • 2 weeks at room T° • 2 weeks at 50°C • -> repeat reference measurements GE1/1-IV Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  31. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies no correction PLC maintenance VITON O-ring • No effect with VITON O-ring • No significant effect with NUVOVERN • (extension of the test) • Strong gain drop with CellPack 50°C PLC maintenance Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C SWPC Source OFF SWPC Gas bottle empty Polyurethane CellPack Polyurethane NUVOVERNE HV OFF SWPC SWPC Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  32. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience CMS GEM Long term stability Outgassing studies VITON O-ring Room T°  Room T°   50°C  50°C GEM Polyurethane CellPack power cut Polyurethane NUVOVERNE 50°C PLC maintenance GEM GEM GEM Source OFF Gas bottle empty Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  33. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements 10x10 GEM detector  Ar/CO2 : 70/30 -> GEM foil testing -> Gain calibration -> Charging up -> Discharge probability -> Rate capability Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  34. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Charging Up • GAS, HV, readout electronics switched ON 3-5 days before each measurement • Source ON at time=0  Spectrum acquisition : 25s every 1 min during 4-5 hours •  Surface scan before and the charging up 1) 2) 3) 2) 4) 3) 1) 4) irradiation over 25 cm2 / ADC time 25 s Rate of particles: (Fe55) 1,9 kHz 1,4 kHz 1,5 kHz 1,6 kHz  Humidity between 480 and 500 ppm CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  35. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Charging Up 22/04/2014 Energy spectra 15/04/2014 Energy spectra Irradiation only in Position 2 15/04/2014 Readout Current 22/04/2014 Readout Current Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  36. CPU – I/V monitoring Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience HV 241Am Mylar 2μm 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability 10M Alpha rate = 150Hz • How to identify discharges ? • -> Divider current/voltage drops • -> Readout current • -> Signal polarity DIVIDER 3/1/2/1 10M Drift 10M G1 Scaler Readout 10M G2 Inverter + Discriminator Readout x y G3 GEM bot TP CPU A CPU Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  37. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability Voltage (V) Current (uA) Ramp Up HV End of test Source ON Discharges Baseline Time (s) Discharge Discharge Discharge Power supply I/V measurements Readout current (pico-ammeter)  HV power supply and pico-ammeter not fast/sensitive enough to detect all discharges Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  38. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability 2mm hole in the Kapton window + 2um Mylar foil 2mm hole in the Drift Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  39. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Discharge probability Effective gain F. Sauli, NIM A 479 (2002) 294-308 Triple-GEM (10x10 cm2) CERN foils Holes: 70μm (Cu) 50μm (Kapton) Pitch: 140μm double-mask Source 241Am(2-3 MBq) Ar/CO2:70/30 Gaps:3/1/2/1 (Ceramic Divider) +300kΩ HV filter Discharge probability @Gain=6.105 (3700V/740uA) : ΔVGEM1= 416V ΔVGEM2= 407V ΔVGEM2= 389V Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  40. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Rate capability • Configuration : • -> GEM detector in front of the Xray Gun (d=few mm) • Monitoring : • GEM Readout current • Count rate & spectra • Xray voltage & current Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) Reliable measurements @ rate < 30 kHz GE1/1 : Ar/CO2 (90/10) Gain :1.2 104 Xray current (mA) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  41. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience 10x10 GEM Reference measurements Rate capability P. Everaerts, PhD Thesis 2006 (Gent University) Normalized Gain • 10x10 triple-GEM (CERN) • 3/1/2/1 (Ceramic) • Ar/CO2 : 70/30 • Gain : 8000 (654uA/3300V) • Copper Xray 16kV • 2mm Collimator GEM Irradiation Corner (d= 0.35 cm) GEM Opposite Corner (d= 0.51 cm) PRELIMINARY Gamma Flux (Hz/mm2) Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  42. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Summary Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  43. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Thank you Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  44. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  45. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  46. Large Area GEMs : CMS GEM Experience pre-amplifier input shaper SWPC attenuator delay O O to CPU veto logic BRIDGE QDC O gate OR amplifier discriminator SWPC dual timer input GE1/1-IV Programmable Logic Controller Pico-A T°C to CPU to CPU Pico-A Nat. Instr. P mbar DAQ humi. % Alice-TPC workshop 18/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration

  47. Aging study of large triple-GEM detectors for the high rate environment in CMS TOTEM configuration • Triple GEM Ar/CO2 (70/30) , Position 5.3 ≤ |h| ≤ 6.5 • Rate up to 12 MHz/cm2( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ phase II) -> No aging due to polymerization -> No change of materials properties Nuc. Sci. Sym. and Med. Imag. Conf. (NSS/MIC), 2011 IEEE, 1124 – 1131 G. Croci, “Dev. and Characterization of MPGDs for HEP applications and beyond” PHD Thesis COMPASS configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 8.103 in Ar/CO2 (70/30) • Rate up to 2.5 MHz/cm2 ( 1000 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No Gain drop or loss of energy resolution was observed -> No Losses of efficiency or time resolution until now B. Ketzer et al., NIM A535, 314 (2004) , P. Abbon, et al., NIM A 577 (2007) 455-518 CERN-EP/2001 -091 & IEEE TR. On Nucl. Sci. Vol47,NO.4,AUGUST 2000 LHCb configuration • Triple GEM @ gain : 6.103 in Ar/CO2/CF4 (45/15/40) • Rate up to 500 kHz/cm2 ( 100 X CMS GE1/1 @ HL-LHC) -> No losses of performances was observed after 10 LHCb years IEEE P. de Simone, AUGUST 2004 & S.Bachmann et al., NIM A 438(1999),376-408 RD51 miniweek 16/06/2014 J. A. Merlin On behalf of the CMS GEM collaboration 47

More Related