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PERANG DUNIA

PERANG DUNIA. II. PENDAHULUAN. Dimulai tahun 1939 – 1945 Blok Sentral & Blok Sekutu Periode Jalannya PD II : 1. Periode Permulaan ( 1939 – 1942 ) 2. Turning Point /saat – saat membalik (1942) 3. Periode Terakhir ( 1943 – 1945 ). LAHIRNYA NEGARA TOTALITARIAN. 1. Fascisme Italia

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PERANG DUNIA

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  1. PERANG DUNIA II

  2. PENDAHULUAN Dimulai tahun 1939 – 1945 Blok Sentral & Blok Sekutu Periode Jalannya PD II : 1. Periode Permulaan ( 1939 – 1942 ) 2. Turning Point /saat – saat membalik (1942) 3. Periode Terakhir ( 1943 – 1945 )

  3. LAHIRNYA NEGARA TOTALITARIAN 1. Fascisme Italia 2. Naziisme Jerman 3. Militerisme Jepang

  4. SEBAB – SEBAB PERANG 1. Sebab Umum * Kegagalan Liga Bangsa – Bangsa Menjalankan Tugasnya * Pertentangan ideologi * Totaliter kanan (Fasis) * Totaliter kiri (Komunis) * Demokrasi (Liberalis) * Perebutan tanah jajahan * Terbentuknya persekutuan militer * Perlombaan persenjataan * Politik ekspansi * Jerman (labensrum) * Italia (Italia Irrendenta) * Jepang (Hakko Ichiu) * Semangat balas dendam (Jerman)

  5. 2. Sebab Khusus - Serangan Jerman atas Polandia tanggal 1 September 1939 mengawali pertempuran di front Eropa dan Afrika Utara - Serangan Jepang terhadap pangkalan angkatan laut Amerika Serikat di Pearl Harbour, Hawai tanggal 7 Desember 1941 mengawali pertempuran di Front Pasifik

  6. Mussolini dan Hitler

  7. PIHAK YANG BERPERANG Poros/Sentral • Jerman • Italia • Jepang • Hongkong • Rumania • Bulgaria • Finlandia • Inggris • Perancis • AS • Belanda • Denmark • Norwegia • Rusia • Esthonia • Polandia • Latvia • Lituania Sekutu

  8. JALANNYA PERANG • Front Eropa (1939 - 1945) a. 1 September 1939 Jerman menyerbu Danzig (Polandia) b. 1940 Jerman Menyerang Inggris c. Serangan Italia ke Yunani dan Yugoslavia d. 1941 Jerman menyerang Uni Soviet e. The turning point = Jerman mulai kalah dengan Uni Soviet

  9. JALANNYA PERANG JALANNYA PERANG • Front Afrika (1940 – 1943) • Italia – Jerman melawan Inggris • 1940 Italia invasi ke Mesir • Pertempuran di El Alamien (Perbatasan Libia – Mesir), Italia tidak mendapat bantuan Jerman sehingga kalah dengan Inggris (23 Oktober 1942) • 1943 Afrika Utara dan Timur bebas.

  10. JALANNYA PERANG JALANNYA PERANG • Front Asia Pasifik (1941 – 1945) • Serangan mendadak Jepang terhadap pangkalan AL AS di Pearl Harbour (Hawai (7 Desember 1941) • Jepang menguasai Kawasan Asia dan Pasifik • Masuk Indonesia 1 Maret 1942 (penyerahan Belanda di Kalijati Subang) Belanda diwakili Jenderal Ter poorten _ Jenderal Imamura. • Untuk menghadapi ekspansi Jepang dibentuk ABCD (American, British, China, deutch). • Dan ABDACOM (America, British, Deutch, Australia Command) dibawah pimpinan Jenderal Douglas Mac Arthur. • Sejak April 1944 mulai menguasai wilayah kekuasaan Jepang. • Dibomnya Hiroshima dan Nagasaki (6 dan 9 Agustus 1945) masa kekalahan Jepang menyerah 14 Agustus 1945) • Penyerahan di Geladak Kapal Missouri di Teluk Tokyo 2 September 1945

  11. JALANNYA PERANG • Front Afrika (1940 – 1943) • Italia – Jerman melawan Inggris • 1940 Italia invasi ke Mesir • Pertempuran di El Alamien (Perbatasan Libia – Mesir), Italia tidak mendapat bantuan Jerman sehingga kalah dengan Inggris (23 Oktober 1942) • 1943 Afrika Utara dan Timur bebas.

  12. vi. 7 Desember, Jepang menyerang Pearl Harbour, Hawaii ( awal perang Pasifik )

  13. 8 Desember, AS, Inggris, Kanadamengumumkan perang kepada Jepang Declaration of War Against Japan On December 8, 1941, the day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress and asked for a declaration of war against Japan. Roosevelt called December 7 “a date which will live in infamy.”

  14. Japanese Conquests in Asia and the Pacific • War in Asia and the Pacific Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Japanese forces compiled an impressive list of conquests in a remarkably short time. By May 1942 the Japanese stood with open avenues of attack to both India and Australia. However, three events in 1942 helped turn the tide of the war for the Allies. The Doolittle bombing raid on Tokyo in April unnerved Japanese officials who had believed the home islands were secure. Then, when they attempted to capture more islands to the south and east to prevent another such raid, the overextended Japanese naval forces were crushed by the U.S. Navy at the battles of Coral Sea and Midway in May and June of 1942. With their naval offensive capacity crippled, the Japanese were forced to adopt a more defensive posture, while the Allies had time to regroup and halt further Japanese expansion and to formulate the island-hopping strategy used to reconquer the Pacific.

  15. Tahun 1942 • 15 Februari, Singapura jatuh ke tangan Jepang • 26 – 28 Februari, armada laut Jepang mengalahkan kekuatan laut Sekutu dalam Pertempuran Laut Jawa • 9 April, pasukan AS dan Filipina menyerah di semenanjung Bataan • 18 April, armada udara AS membom Tokyo dalam Serangan Doolitle • 4 – 8 Mei, armada laut Sekutu membendung serangan Jepang dalam Pertempuran Terumbu Karang

  16. f) 4 – 6 Juni, pasukan Sekutu mengalahkan Jepang dalam Pertempuran Midway

  17. g) 7 Agustus, pasukan marinir AS mendarat di Guadalcanal

  18. 12 November, Jerman dipukul mundur dalam Pertempuran di el-Alamein di muka Alexandria oleh Jendral Montgomery

  19. Tahun 1943 1) 2 Februari, pasukan Jerman menyerah di Stalingrad 2) 13 Mei, pasukan Sentral di Afrika Utara menyerah 3) 4 Juli, pasukan Jerman menyerang kota Kursk, Uni Soviet Tank Shipment to the USSR With greatly improved mobility and firepower, World War II tanks played a major role in the battle for Europe. While German tanks could outgun most of those of their enemies, the Soviets won the greatest tank battle in history at Kursk in 1943 against the Germans. More than 3000 tanks took part in this battle.

  20. Big Three, Tehrān, Iran Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, United States president Franklin D. Roosevelt, and British prime minister Winston Churchill, seated left to right, meet in Tehrān, Iran, in 1943 to discuss their military strategy and post-World War II policy for Europe. The leaders decided to invade France in 1944, against Churchill’s recommendations. The meeting marked the apex of the East-West wartime alliance. Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill, the leaders of the three major Allied powers, came to be known as the “Big Three.”

  21. Tahun 1944 • 1 Mei, Italia menyerah pada Sekutu yang dipimpin oleh Jenderal Eisenhower • 6 Juni, pasukan Sekutu mendarat secara besar – besaran di Normandia, Prancis. Peristiwa itu terkenal dengan sebutan D-Day

  22. General Dwight D. Eisenhower Promoted to four-star general, the U.S. Army’s highest rank at that time, General Dwight D. Eisenhower became supreme Allied commander in Europe and organized the largest sea-to-land invasion in history, dubbed “Operation Overlord.” The Allies crossed the English Channel and invaded the northern coast of occupied France.

  23. D-Day Troops The United States First Army moves supplies inland from beaches code-named Utah and Omaha in northern France on June 6, 1944. D-Day, as General Dwight D. Eisenhower called it, surprised the Germans, who expected the invasion to come from farther north.

  24. 19 – 20 Juni, AL AS mengalahkan Jepang dalam Pertempuran Filipina IV. 18 Juli, PM Tojo mengundurkan diri • 20 Juli, persekongkolan untuk membunuh Hitler mengalami kegagalan VI. 24 Agustus, Rumania menyerah kepada Rusia, diikuti Bulgaria. Prancis berhasil direbut AS VII.2 September, Belgia dibebaskan oleh AS

  25. 8 September, Yugoslavia dibebaskan bersama dengan pasukan gerilyanya IX. 20 Oktober, pasukan Sekutu mendarat di Filipina X. 23 – 26 Oktober, pasukan Sekutu menghancurkan armada laut Jepang dalam Pertempuran Teluk Leyte di Filipina XI. 16 Desember, pasukan Jerman menyerang pasukan AS dalam pertempuran Bulge

  26. Tahun 1945 • 13 Februari, Hongaria menyerah kepada USSR • 16 Maret, pasukan marinir AS merebut Iwo Jima • 30 April, Hitler bunuh diri di Berlin • 7 Mei, Jerman menyerah tanpa syarat di Reims, Prancis. Peristiwa itu mengakhiri PD II di Eropa • 21 Juni, pasukan marinir AS merebut Okinawa

  27. f. 6 Agustus, bom atom dijatuhkan di Hiroshima

  28. g. 8 Agustus, Uni Soviet mengumumkan perang kepada Jepang h. 9 Agustus, bom atom dijatuhkan di Nagasaki i. 14 Agustus, Jepang menyerah tanpa syarat

  29. j. 2 September, Jepang menandatangani penyerahan di kapal perang U.S.S. Missouri di Teluk Tokyo

  30. The Yalta Conference • Allied Leaders at Yalta In February 1945 the leaders of the Allied powers, known as the Big Three, met at Yalta on the Crimean Peninsula to discuss Allied military strategy in the final months of World War II. The leaders included British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, left, American President Franklin Roosevelt, center, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin, right.

  31. PERJANJIAN – PERJANJIAN PERDAMAIAN • Konferensi Postdam ( 2 Agustus 1945 ) The Potsdam Conference was held in 1945 in the city of Potsdam, near Berlin, ten weeks after Germany’s surrender in World War II. Leaders represented at the conference included, from right to left, Premier Joseph Stalin of the USSR, President Harry S. Truman of the United States, and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom. At Potsdam the conferees met to to clarify and implement agreements previously reached at the Yalta Conference.

  32. Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu dengan Jepang (1945) di Jepang • Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu dengan Italia (1945) di Paris • Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu dengan Austria (1945) di Austria • Perjanjian Perdamaian Sekutu dengan Hongaria, Bulgaria, Rumania, Finlandia (1945) di Paris

  33. AKIBAT PD II • Sektor politik • Sektor ekonomi • Sektor sosial • Sektor kerohanian

  34. AKHIR PD II

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