Write down the Name the Seven Dwarves.

1. Write down the Name the Seven Dwarves.

2. Seven Dwarves Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful

3. Difficulty of Task • Was the exercise easy or difficult? It depends on many factors….. • Whether you like Disney movies • How long ago you watched the movie • How loud the people are around you when you are trying to remember

4. Memory The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information.

5. The Memory Processes (tasks) • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval

6. Encoding • The processing of information into the long-term storage. Typing info into a computer Getting a girls name at a party

7. Storage • The retention of encoded material over time. Trying to remember her name when you leave the party. Pressing Ctrl S and saving the info.

8. Retrieval • The process of getting the information out of memory storage. Seeing her the next day and calling her the wrong name (retrieval failure). Finding your document and opening it up.

9. Basic Memory Tasks • Recall: refers to the mental process of retrieval of information from the past. • Recognition: the ability to recognize previously encountered events, objects, or people.

10. Recall v. Recognition • With recall- you must retrieve the information from your memory (fill-in-the blank tests). • With recognition- you must identify the items you learned earlier (multiple-choice tests). • Which is easier? • Memory and learning build upon each other.

11. 3 Stages of Memory • Sensory Memory • Short-Term Memory (also known an working memory) Encoding Retrieval Long-Term Memory

12. Sensory Memory • The immediate, initial recording of sensory information in the memory system. • Echoic – sensory memory for sound (last 1-2 s.) • Iconic – sensory memory for vision (lasts a fraction of a second) • Stored just for an instant, and most information gets unprocessed.

13. Sensory memory • Eidetic memory: known as photographic memory or superior autobiographical memory • Very rare; debatable • Seems to happen in younger children and as they grow it disappears. • Photographic memory

14. Short-Term Memory • Memory that holds a few items briefly. • Also known as working memory • Seven digits (plus or minus two). • The info will either go on to be stored into long-term memory or forgotten. • Info. Will stay here as long as you keep repeating or working with it.

15. OTTFFSSENT

16. How do you store things from working memory to long-term memory? • Maintenance Rehearsal: You must repeat things over and over to put them into your long-term memory. • Elaborative Rehearsal: making information meaningful rather than just repeating over and over again.

17. Long Term Memory Unlimited storehouse of information. Permanent-can last forever No need to practice

18. 3 kinds of Memories • Episodic • Generic • Procedural • They are either implicit or explicit. • Implicit means you don’t know how you know it but you do! For example, walking • Explicit means you have to consciously search for the memory

19. Episodic Memories A Personal memory of a specific event or collection of events in your life. (an episode in your life) It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place. It is an explicit memory

20. Flashbulb memory • A clear memory of a emotionally significant moment or event. • They are often shared events but can be personal to you • It is an explicit memory

21. Generic • General knowledge or information that can be recalled. • Facts • George Washington was the first President of the United States • It is an explicit memory

22. Prcedural Memories Procedural Memories-Skills or procedures you have learned It is an implicit memory

23. Activity • Write down a memory for each emotion • Happiest • Saddest • Angriest

24. Memory and the Brain • Our brain Builds memories like a puzzle. It will fill in missing pieces. • Not accurate! • Hippocampus: is critical for acquiring new memories. • Cerebellum: processes procedural memory • Hormones and stress • Amygdala :important in storing and forming memories of emotional events • Emotion cause a spike in stress hormones • They trigger activity in amygdala • Memories are tagged as important • They are stored with more emotional and sensory details • PTSD

25. Activity • On the next slide will be a list of words. • You have 60 seconds to remember as many words as possible. • When the slide changes write down as many words as you can remember. • You will only have a minute to write them down.

26. All-purpose memory demo Bed Quilt Dark Silence Fatigue Clock Snoring Night Toss Tired Artichoke Turn Rest Dream Restful

27. Write down as many words as you can remember! • They do not have to be in any particular order.

28. Serial Positioning Effect • We tend to remember the beginning (primacy effect) and end (recency effect) of a list best. • Also known as primacy recency effect Words remembered Order on list

29. Chunking • Organizing items into familiar, manageable units. • Often it will occur automatically. Take 10 seconds to try to remember this number list: 1-4-9-2-1-7-7-6-1-8-1-2-1-9-4-1 Chunk- from Goonies What are some other examples of chunking?

30. Chunking • Now, try again: • 1492, 1776, 1812, 1941

31. Tricks to Encoding Mnemonic Devices = memory tricks • Often use imagery (peg word, method of loci, “hippo on campus…”) • May use natural language mediators or acronyms (My very earnest mother just served us nine [pizzas], (ROY G. BIV) Give me some more examples…. Links to examples of mnemonic devices.

32. Forgetting • Anterograde Amnesia: memory loss that prevents new memories from forming. May be the cause of damage to the hippocampus. • Retrograde Amnesia: the failure to remember events that occurred prior to physical trauma because of the effects the trauma. • Clive Wearing • Stop for Reading on H.M • Answer questions on next slide on your own paper. Turn it in when done.

33. Questions: After reading, answer questions on your own paper. Turn it in when done. • Who is H.M? • Why is he significant in psychology? • Why did he have surgery and what happened to H.M after his surgery?

34. Eyewitness Testimony • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-SBTRLoPuo • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4V6aoYuDcg