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Kŏng zĭ

孔子. Kŏng zĭ. Master Kong. Kong Qiu. Confucius. When? Where?. Born Lu province, China 6 th century B.C.E. Early Zhou dynasty Chinese empire very weak, breaking up into smaller, warring states. What is he known for?. Political and ethical philosophy known as ‘Confucianism’

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Kŏng zĭ

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  1. 孔子

  2. Kŏngzĭ

  3. Master Kong

  4. Kong Qiu

  5. Confucius

  6. When? Where? • Born Lu province, China • 6th century B.C.E. • Early Zhou dynasty • Chinese empire very weak, breaking up into smaller, warring states

  7. What is he known for? • Political and ethical philosophy known as ‘Confucianism’ • Political philosophy = how to run a government • Ethical philosophy = how to live a good life

  8. Ethics • Deep love (love for others) • Honor your parents • Do what is right (don’t take advantage) • Reciprocity: “Don’t do to others what you would not want yourself”

  9. Lĭ • Manners, ritual and common law • Acting in propriety with society • Knowing one’s rank

  10. Rén • A state of being • Benevolence, love, charity, harmony, respect • The fundamental virtue

  11. Political philosophy • Rule by example (must have rén) • Government by example of virtue and good manners preferred to code of laws and punishments • Ideal of self-control • Warnings against temptations of profit

  12. Emphasis on Relationships • Filial piety (Xiao) • Child owes obedience to parent • Parent protects and educates child • Every other social/political relationship follows from this…

  13. Emphasis on Relationships • Ruler and subject • Husband and wife • Elder brother and younger brother • Friend and friend • Teacher and student

  14. Emphasis on Relationships • To control the state, you must first control your family • To control your family, you must have self-control • To have self-control you must have no self-interest • To remove self-interest, you must first gain knowledge

  15. Emphasis on Relationships Knowledge ↓ Self-control ↓ Control of family ↓ Control of state ↓ Peace

  16. “There is never a case where the root is in disorder yet the branch is in order”

  17. So What? • Became official Chinese philosophy during Han dynasty • Large influence outside China as well • Korea • Japan • Vietnam • Taiwan

  18. So What? • Influence on Chinese society both positive and negative • Positive influences: helped China emerge from period of anarchy, meritocracy, civil service exams • Negative influences: slowed development of technology, limited accumulation of wealth (trade is discouraged), weakened military, discouraged individual freedoms, subjugated women to second-class citizens

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