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What is the cause of autism?

What is the cause of autism?. Sarah Marckstadt. Autism. What is autism? The history of autism. Statistics Biological concepts Frontier issues. What is autism?. Autism is a mental disorder characterized by Abnormal behavior such as withdrawal

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What is the cause of autism?

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  1. What is the cause of autism? Sarah Marckstadt

  2. Autism • What is autism? • The history of autism. • Statistics • Biological concepts • Frontier issues

  3. What is autism? Autism is a mental disorder characterized by • Abnormal behavior such as withdrawal • Development problems socially, emotionally, linguistically • Appear lost in fantasy • Very unresponsive to physical and verbal communication

  4. The History • In 1943 Dr. Leo Kanner first describes autism as a distinct condition. • In 1977 Sir Michael Rutter and Dr. Susan Folstein publish the first autism twin study, revealing evidence for a genetic basis for autism. • 1977-1978 Drs. Rutter and Schopler further their studies in defining signs and symptoms of autism.

  5. The History • 1988-1991 Many studies related to Autism and genetic connection. • 1992 The American Psychiatric Association refines the diagnostic criteria for Autism. • 1997 The first report with evidence linking chromosome 15q for Autistic disorder. • 1998 Genetic linkage from chromosome 7q to Autistic disorder and the first genomic screen -- IMGSAC. • 1999-2001 During this time evidence was found in genomic regions that have possible genes that are associated with autism.

  6. StatisticsU.S. number of school cases 1992-2003

  7. Autism in the US • Autism is rising rapidly in the U.S. • It cost the economy roughly $30,000-$65,000 each year for every autistic child. • Second most common developmental disability in kids.

  8. Autism in California • According to the state of Ca this is the fastest growing developmental disability group. • 1998-2002 there was a 96.69% increase in reported cases.

  9. Sex Linked? • Autism is three to four time more prevalent in males than females. • Girls who have autism usually have greater cognitive impairment as well as more sever symptoms.

  10. Biological Concepts • Expert say that at least two genes and up to fifteen genes are involved with autism development. • Autism genes maybe located on the second, third, seventh, fifteenth and”x” chromosome. • Unsure if act independently or with each other • In 2003 Duke University found a link from GARB# gene to autism.

  11. Chromosome 2 maybe linked to delayed speech. Chromosome 3 possesses a gene that produces a protein that interacts with GABA. If the GABA is not functioning properly it may cause autistic behaviors. Chromosome 7 is associated with many functions speech, language, cell fate, nervous system in fetus and adults, and development of the brain. Chromosome 15 has three GABA receptor genes. Chromosome X may be involved with social interaction. Biological Concepts

  12. Biological ConceptsVaccines • Many believe that the MMR vaccine which contains mercury and Thimerosal-Containing vaccines may be linked to autism. • Vaccine for Measles mumps and rubella. • IOM claims that the vaccines are not associated with Autism.

  13. Biological ConceptsVaccines • One hypothesis is that MMR may lodge in the intestine to cause a over release of toxins connected to autism. • Thimersoal may cause autism with “folate-dependant methylation by methionine synthases” • This happens when the synthesis of active vitamin B12 is blocked. • In recent years the amount of mercury and thimersoal in vaccines have been greatly reduced.

  14. Biological Concepts • More studies by the CDC were started and should be released in 2006. • Currently there is no evidence that MMR or any other type of vaccine causes Autism, or development of autism.. • The studies done have all been concluded as theoretical.

  15. Treatment • There are many different approaches to treat autism. • Psychosocial and pharmacological treatments. • Psychosocial treatments can be very intense with behavior and speech therapy. • ABA-Applied Behavior Analysis, a system which is based on rewards as positive reinforcement.

  16. Treatment • Floortime treatment is less intense, children and teacher play on the floor while learning language. • Detoxification or chelation therapy is used to rid a child’s body of metals such as mercury that are used in vaccines • Other parents chose to use diet or vitamin therapy, music and vision therapy, as well as yoga and horseback riding to improve motor skills.

  17. Bibliography • "A Look At the Genetics of Autism." Exploring Autism. 2002. National Alliance of Autism Research. 05 Mar. 2006 <www.exploringautism.org>. • "Autism." Duke Center for Human Genetics. 2005. Duke university medical center. 06 Mar. 2006 <www.chg.duke.edu>. • California. California health and human services agency. department of developmental services. Autistic Spectrum Disorders. Apr. 2003. 02 Mar. 2006 <www.dds.ca.gov>. • "FAQ About MMR Vaccines and Autism." Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 07 Sept. 2005. Department of health and human services. 05 Mar. 2006 <www.cdc.gov>. • "Fighting Autism, Research, Education, Treatment." Fighting Autism. 04 Mar. 2006 <www.fightingautism.org>. • Masland, Molly. "Autism the Hidden Epidemic?" MSN. 23 Feb. 2005. 02 Apr. 2006 <www.msnbc.msn.com>.

  18. Bibliography • "MMR Vaccine and Thimerosal-Containing Vaccines are Not Associated with Autism, IOM Report Says." The National Academies. 18 May 2004. 05 Mar. 2006 <www4.nas.edu>. • Mosby’s Medical Dictionary. St. Louis: Mosby, 7th ed., c2006. • Professional Guide To Diseases. Pennsylvania: Springhouse, 7th edition, 2001. • "Rep. Burton Holds Hearing on Mercury and Autism." Autism Society of America. 14 Sept. 2004. 06 Mar. 2006 <www.autism-society.org>. • "Unraveling Autism." National Institute of Mental Health. 17 Feb. 2006. national institutes o0f health. 04 Mar. 2006 <www.nimh.nih.gov>.

  19. Bibliography-Photo • Autistic Society of America. “Awearness Ribbon” Illustration. Run for Autism. Joe Zwiller. 15 Mar 2006.<me.earthlink.net/ ~jjzwiller/run4autism/>. • Brilliant Content. “Child, DNA.” illustration. 2002.Genetic Overview. National Alliance for Autism Research. 04 Mar 2006 <www.exploringautism.org>. • California Health and Human Services Agency. “Rate Increase of Autism Ca.” graph. April 2003. Autistic Spectrum Disorders. California Health and Human Services Agency. 02 Mar 2006. <www.dds.ca.gov>. • Center for Disease and Control. “Increase in Autism.” graph. Fighting Autism. 04 Mar. 2006 <www.fightingautism.org>. • Google Labs. “Brain.” illustration. Dec 2004. Cognitive and Learning Impairments. Natacha Poggio. March 6 2006. <www.ices.utexas.edu>.

  20. Bibliography-Photo • Interior Health. “Child Receiving Vaccine.” Photo. 25 Jan 2006. Protect those you love with a timely ounce of prevention. Interior Health Authority. 05 Mar. 2006. <www.interiorhealth.ca>. • John Hopkins Public Health. “Leo Kanner.” Photo. Brain Storm. John Hopkins Public Health. March 12 2006. <http://www.jhsph.edu/publichealthnews/magazine/archive/Mag_Fall04/brainstorm/>. • MedGadget Internet Journal. “XY chromosome.” photo. 12 Sep 2005. Y May Not Die. Medgadget. 06 Mar 2006. <www.medgadget.com>. • Paul Thiessen. “Gem-DNA.” Illustration. 1/6/2004. DNA Graphics Created with PovChem. Paul Thiessen 4/10/2006. <www.chemicalgraphics.com>. • The Epoch Times. “Horse Therapy.” photo. 2005. The Epoch Times International 09 Apr. 2006 <www.theepochtimes.com>. • Tony Fiorini. “Autistic.”photo. Tony Fiorini photo journalist. Tony Fiorini. April 12 2006. <www.tonyfiorini.com/ pj/stories_main.html>.

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