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Theories of War Causation

Theories of War Causation. Schools & Variants Johan M.G. van der Dennen. Theories of War Causation. Demographic-Ecological School. Theories of War Causation. Demographic-Ecological School Economic School. Theories of War Causation. Demographic-Ecological School Economic School

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Theories of War Causation

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  1. Theories of War Causation Schools & Variants Johan M.G. van der Dennen

  2. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School

  3. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Economic School

  4. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Economic School • Imperialism School

  5. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Economic School • Imperialism School • Political-Strategic School

  6. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Economic School • Imperialism School • Political-Strategic School • (Social)-Psychological School

  7. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Economic School • Imperialism School • Political-Strategic School • (Social)-Psychological School • Apologetic School

  8. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School

  9. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Population pressure (Plato) / ‘Lebensraum’

  10. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Population pressure (Plato) / ‘Lebensraum’ • Demographic relaxation / Filicide (Bouthoul)

  11. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Population pressure (Plato) / ‘Lebensraum’ • Demographic relaxation / Filicide (Bouthoul) • Lateral pressure / distribution of resources

  12. Theories of War Causation • Demographic-Ecological School • Population pressure (Plato) / ‘Lebensraum’ • Demographic relaxation / Filicide (Bouthoul) • Lateral pressure / distribution of resources • Geopolitical variant (Haushofer)

  13. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia)

  14. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia) • Mercantilists

  15. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia) • Mercantilists • Physiocrats / Manchester School / Liberals

  16. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia) • Mercantilists • Physiocrats / Manchester School / Liberals • Marxists

  17. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia) • Mercantilists • Physiocrats / Manchester School / Liberals • Marxists • Merchants of death / War-profiteering / Scandal

  18. Theories of War Causation • Economic School (Material gain / pleonexia) • Mercantilists • Physiocrats / Manchester School / Liberals • Marxists • Merchants of death / War-profiteering / Scandal • Military-industrial(-academic) complex

  19. Theories of War Causation • Imperialism School (Material & territorial gain)

  20. Theories of War Causation • Imperialism School (Material & territorial gain) • Conservative variant

  21. Theories of War Causation • Imperialism School (Material & territorial gain) • Conservative variant • Liberal variant (Hobson)

  22. Theories of War Causation • Imperialism School (Material & territorial gain) • Conservative variant • Liberal variant (Hobson) • Marxist-Leninist / Revisionist / Neo-Marxist

  23. Theories of War Causation • Imperialism School (Material & territorial gain) • Conservative variant • Liberal variant (Hobson) • Marxist-Leninist / Revisionist / Neo-Marxist • Militarist variant (Schumpeter)

  24. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power)

  25. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus

  26. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus • Machiavelli • Hobbes • Clausewitz • Realists (Morgenthau, Waltz) • Expected utility theory (Bueno de Mesquita) • Blainey • Stoessinger

  27. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus • Machiavelli • Hobbes • Clausewitz • Realists (Morgenthau, Waltz) • Expected utility theory (Bueno de Mesquita) • Blainey • Stoessinger • Balance of power / parity / preponderance

  28. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus • Machiavelli • Hobbes • Clausewitz • Realists (Morgenthau, Waltz) • Expected utility theory (Bueno de Mesquita) • Blainey • Stoessinger • Balance of power / parity / preponderance • Polarity • Deterrence / Security dilemma • Arms races

  29. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus • Machiavelli • Hobbes • Clausewitz • Realists (Morgenthau, Waltz) • Expected utility theory (Bueno de Mesquita) • Blainey • Stoessinger • Balance of power / parity / preponderance • Polarity • Deterrence / Security dilemma • Arms races • Power transition theory and hegemonic war

  30. Theories of War Causation • Political-Strategic School (Power) • ‘Ultima ratio’ / Cost-benefit calculus • Machiavelli • Hobbes • Clausewitz • Realists (Morgenthau, Waltz) • Expected utility theory (Bueno de Mesquita) • Blainey • Stoessinger • Balance of power / parity / preponderance • Polarity • Deterrence / Security dilemma • Arms races • Power transition theory and hegemonic war • Rank disequilibrium theory (Galtung)

  31. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine)

  32. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason

  33. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’

  34. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic)

  35. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic) • National character / (Mass) psychopathology

  36. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic) • National character / (Mass) psychopathology • Minds of Men variant: misperception & comm.

  37. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic) • National character / (Mass) psychopathology • Minds of Men variant: misperception & comm. • Instinctivist variants (pugnacity / ‘Todestrieb’) • Herd instincts • aggressive instincts • adventurism

  38. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic) • National character / (Mass) psychopathology • Minds of Men variant: misperception & comm. • Instinctivist variants (pugnacity / ‘Todestrieb’) • Herd instincts • aggressive instincts • adventurism • Frustration-aggression displacement variant

  39. Theories of War Causation • (Social-)Psychological School (Bête humaine) • Human nature / bête humaine / passions-reason • Thucydides (fear) • Hobbes: ‘competition, diffidence, glory’ • Great men / Evil men (personified cataclysmic) • National character / (Mass) psychopathology • Minds of Men variant: misperception & comm. • Instinctivist variants (pugnacity / ‘Todestrieb’) • Herd instincts • aggressive instincts • adventurism • Frustration-aggression displacement variant • Obedience / Sociality / Group-altruism / Noble

  40. Theories of War Causation • Apologetic School (war as necessity)

  41. Theories of War Causation • Apologetic School (war as necessity) • Metaphysical variant (divine punishment)

  42. Theories of War Causation • Apologetic School (war as necessity) • Metaphysical variant (divine punishment) • Etatistic variant (Hegel)

  43. Theories of War Causation • Apologetic School (war as necessity) • Metaphysical variant (divine punishment) • Etatistic variant (Hegel) • Social Darwinist variant (‘agent of progress’)

  44. Theories of War Causation • Apologetic School (war as necessity) • Metaphysical variant (divine punishment) • Etatistic variant (Hegel) • Social Darwinist variant (‘agent of progress’) • Eschatological variants (‘proletarian paradise’)

  45. The phalanx: the major invention of ‘civilized’ warfare

  46. Raiding (dawn attack) by a Florida Indian tribe (de Bry, ± 1590)

  47. Pitched battle type of intergroup agonistic behavior in primates generally, and possibly even in social and group territorial mammals generally (social carnivores, dolphins, etc.). ‘Lethal male raiding’ in the common ancestor of both humans and chimpanzees 6 - 8 mya (Wrangham’s synapomorphy or shared derived trait). ‘Lethal male raiding’ as independently evolved in both humans and chimpanzees (implied by van der Dennen) THE (CHRONO)LOGICALLY POSSIBLE THEORETICAL VIEWS ON THE EVOLUTION OF WAR AS PITCHED BATTLE AND RAIDING War in both humans (Hu) and chimpanzees (Chi) as relatively recent ‘cultural inventions’ Hu Chi Bo

  48. Differences between battle and raid

  49. Differences between battle and raid

  50. Differences between battle and raid

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