1. Plurals & Spelling Rules Write Source 654, 664-671

2. Plurals • 654.1 Most Nouns • Add s to the singular (sign-signs) • 654.2 Nouns Ending in sh, ch, x, s, and z • Add es to the singular (lunch-lunches, dish-dishes, mess-messes) • 654.3 Nouns Ending in y • Preceded by a consonant: change the y to an e and adding es. (fly-flies) • Preceded by a vowel & all proper nouns: add only an s. (donkey-donkeys) • 654.4 Nouns Ending in o • Preceded by a vowel: add s (radio-radios) • Preceded by a consonant: add es(echo-echoes) • Exception: musical terms- always add s (piano-pianos) • 654.5 Nouns Ending in ful • Add an s at the end of the word (three pailfuls) • Note (page 654): (three pails full- referring to three separate pails full of something) • 654.6 Compound Nouns • Add s or es to the important word in the compound. (brothers-in-law, maids of honor)

3. Plurals Continued • 656.1 Nouns ending in f or fe • Plural ends with f sound (chief-chiefs) • Plural ends with v sound (wife-wives) • 656.2 Irregular Spelling • Crisis-crises • Child-children • Index-indices/indexes • Deer-Deer • 656.3 Words Discussed as Words • Plurals of symbols, letters, numbers, and words being discussed as words are formed by adding an apostrophe and an s (A’s, B’s, wow’s) • Note: you may omit apostrophe to avoid confusion(YMCA’s or YMCAs) • 656.4 Collective Nouns • Singular: group as a unit (The class was on its best behavior.) • Plural: individuals in the group (The class are preparing for their final exams.)

4. Spelling • 664.1 Write i before e • Write ibefore e except after c, or when sounded like a as in neighbor and weigh relief, receive, reign, freight • 664.2 Words with Consonant Endings • One-syllable word ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel, then double final consonant before adding suffix (bat-batting) • 664.3 Words with a Silent e • If a word ends with a silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. Do not drop e when the suffix begins with a consonant. • State-stating-statement & use-using-useful • 664.4 Words ending in y • When y is the last letter in a word and the y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to ibefore adding any suffix except those that begin with i. • Fry-fries-frying, hurry-hurried-hurrying • If the y is preceded by a vowel, do not change to an I • Play-plays-playful, stay-stays-staying • 666-667 Commonly Misspelled Words