Intangible Heritage Beyond Borders: Safeguarding Through International Cooperation

1. Intangible Heritage Beyond Borders: Safeguarding Through International Cooperation Culture Beyond Borders: the Case of Tango Isabel Sans Montevideo, Uruguay Bangkok, 20 and 21 July 2010

2. Music: 1917, Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Montevideo Lyrics: 1924,Pascual Contursi and Enrique Pedro Maroni, Buenos Aires La CumparsitaSevilla 1992, Sydney 2000 disputes

3. Viceroyalty: Buenos Aires Banda Oriental: Montevideo natural harbor, border between Spain and Portugal Spanish burocracy: traders and farmers resented being subject to political, judicial and commercial (Viceroy, Royal Court), in competing and envied city of Buenos Aires British invasions 1806: the people of Montevideo defeat the invaders, the Spanish crown gives Montevideo the title “very faithful and reconqueror” Río de la PlataHistory Colonial Times

4. The pioneers settled, took care of the livestock, built huts and pens, and battled the incursions of the Portuguese. When the region began to be habitable, influencial people from Buenos Aires and Montevideo used to get the land property, and a removal order. Four or five successive waves of pioneers were subsequently declared "intruders" by the colonial authority. Resentments against Spain and Buenos Aires erupted in 1811. United Provinces of Río de la Plata Independence: against Buenos Aires

5. Recent Disputes • 4 year border conflict about celulose factories on the Uruguayan shore of Uruguay river- 2010 • "United Buddy Bears" Argentine bear with Gardel image, vandalized, 2009 • Fútbol (Soccer): South Africa, Maradona 2010

6. Carlos Gardel, el Mago Argentine? French? Uruguayan?

7. Tango Origin • Cosas de negros, by Vicente Rossi • LUCAMBA, herencia africana en el tango, by Gustavo Goldman • Connection with outsiders, Africans, poor immigrants, prostitution • Dance hug • Spanish, Italian, African, European, Cuban,… • Russian violins, German bandoneon • Bandoneon 1854-64?, 1856-70 Buenos Aires? Montevideo? • 1930-40 the evolution begins to differ. Buenos Aires develops tango from the neighborhoods´ clubs, while the tango practice in Montevideo is more associated to the “milongas”

8. Argentina: the Marketplace Population (Metropolitan Area) • Montevideo: 2.000.000 • Buenos Aires: 12.500.000 Horacio Ferrer • Uruguayan: “the spectator” • Argentine: “tirate un lance” give it a try, go for it

9. Tango is a regional product, born to a unique cultural region of harbor cities, Montevideo and Buenos Aires Two societies that need to re-encounter, that are re-interpreting themselves and need to re-discuss their own destiny

10. 2007 Agreement • Montevideo has new authorities since 2005 • Buenos Aires government changes 2007 • Agreement between new authorities for cultural cooperation sets new framework • No joint actions before this agreement

11. Antecedents • Argentina: 30 years work / develops new activities through the Dirección de Patrimonio e Instituto Histórico del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires • Uruguay: occasional actions / needs to generate an institutionality / the División de Promoción Cultural, in theDepartmento de Cultura, creates Tango en Obra program, and a heritage area, the Secretaría de Patrimonio • Talks about joint nomination begin 2007 Previous nomination: Argentina, January 2001(previous to the 2003 Convention)

12. UNESCO 2003 Convention on ICH • Form: identifications, detailed descriptions, agreements with the communities, commitments of States, etc. • 4-5 months work • September 30, 2008: 1st form to Paris, adjustments for a new version (~20 versions!) • January 14, 2009: final version • May 18, 2009: committee at Paris approves • September 30, 2009: Fourth Session of the Intergovernmental Committee (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates) approves

13. Team Work • Nomination: signed by Hernán Lombardi, Minister of Culture of Buenos Aires City, and Eduardo León Duter, Director of Cultural Promotion Division of Montevideo City Hall. • Supported by: Minister of Culture of the Argentine Nation José Nun, Director of Culture of Montevideo City Hall Mauricio Rosencof, and Viceminister of Education and Culture of Uruguay Felipe Michelini • Argentine team leaded by Liliana Barela, Director of Heritage and Historical Institute, 20 people • Uruguayan team directed by Eduardo León Duter, 6 people • Always, every action ends up with a document that will support the following steps • Always develop products you can evaluate with indicators

14. Difficulties • Definition of the element, description of the community, explanation of how the music and the dance are created • Choosing with whom to coordinate public policies, or which artists or institutions to support • (Complaints of argentine people “you are surrendering tango”, chauvinism) • ($, political issues, personal motivations)

15. Binational Safegarding Measures • TYPICAL ORCHESTRA of Río de la Plata, May 2010, US $ 100.000 • LUTHIER Training Center, March 2010, US $ 70.000 • TANGO DATA RIOPLATENSE, July 2010, US $ 30.000 • JOINT EDITIONS, November 2009, US $ 50.000 • PROMINENT CAFES (BARES NOTABLES), September 2009, US $ 130.000 • TANGO HOSTELS, January 2011, US $ 300.000

16. Tango en bares y cafés de dos orillas

17. Regional Heritage Seminar

18. Editorial project Presents 20 cafés and bars in each city

19. Orquesta Típica del Río de la Plata Orquesta del Tango de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires Filarmónica de Montevideo

20. Conclusions * The framework of the agreement is very positive * Position the cities together, instead of in competition, as a unique cultural region in front of the world * Cooperation, generosity, mutual respect and trust constitute a good work environment * Both parts have a benefit and learn from each other * The result is positive for both countries