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Intro to Dairy Cattle

Intro to Dairy Cattle. Objectives…Lingo. Describe terms commonly used with dairy cattle. Identify six major breeds of dairy cattle. Terms…Lingo. Gestation the time between when the egg is fertilized and the birth of a calf. Gestation length for Cattle is 285 days Parturition

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Intro to Dairy Cattle

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  1. Intro to Dairy Cattle

  2. Objectives…Lingo • Describe terms commonly used with dairy cattle. • Identify six major breeds of dairy cattle.

  3. Terms…Lingo • Gestation • the time between when the egg is fertilized and the birth of a calf. • Gestation length for Cattle is 285 days • Parturition • The process of giving birth • Colostrum • The first milk of an animal after birth

  4. Terms…Lingo • Ideal Dairy Type • Stature • Angularity • Level rump • Long & Lean Neck • Milk Veins • Strong Feet & Legs

  5. Dairy Cow vs. Beef Cow

  6. Terms…Lingo • Artificial Insemination • First started in about1300 A.D. • Breeding without the use of a male specimen • 75% of all inseminations are used on dairy cattle • Less than 5% of bulls are retained • Over $225 million spent on bull semen in the last year • http://www.bullsemen.com/

  7. Terms…Lingo • Lactation • The secretion and production of Milk – usually a 305 day cycle for dairy cows • Reproductive system • System used to reproduce cattle by natural, in vitro, and various artificial means of insemination. • Mammary system • System responsible for producing milk after parturition

  8. Terms we have Learned • Mammary System • Reproductive System • Lactation • Gestation • Parturition • Colostrum • Artificial Insemination • What do these terms have in common?

  9. A Few More Terms… • Bovine - A general family grouping of cattle • Bull - A bovine male • Cow - a female bovine that has produced a calf • What are the following? See some similarities?

  10. A Few More Terms… • Calf -A young male or female bovine animal under 1 year of age • Steer – A bovine male that is castrated • Heifer - A young female bovine before she has produced her first calf • Springer – a female bovine who is pregnant with her first calf (usually between 15 and 24 months old)

  11. Breeds of Dairy Cattle • 6 breeds to learn • Pay close attention to • Color • Import year • Size • Characteristics • Origin

  12. Ayrshire(A-yer-Shire) Origin: County Ayr, Scotland Size: 1200 lbs mature Imported: 1822 Color: light to dark red, brown, with white

  13. Ayrshire Characteristics: • Adapted to harsh winters • Well adapted to rocky terrain • Average Production:17,000lbs (@2000 gallons) • 3.9% butterfat • 3.3% protein

  14. Brown-Swiss Origin: Swiss Alps Size: 1500 lbs mature Imported: 1869 Color: Solid brown with varying shades Characteristics: • Milk has higher fat and protein • Light colored band around muzzle

  15. Brown Swiss • Average output per milk cycle 21,000 lbs (@ 2450 gallons) • 4.0% butterfat • 3.5% total protein

  16. Guernsey(Gern-Zee) Origin: Island of Guernsey, in the English Channel Size: 1150 lbs mature Imported: 1840 Color: Light brown with white markings Characteristics: • Milk is a golden color • Docile nature

  17. Guernsey • Production per milk cycle 14,700lbs (1700 gallons) • 4.5% butterfat • 3.5% protein

  18. Jersey Origin: Island of Jersey, Britain Size: 1000 lbs mature Imported: 1850 Color: Light brown with no white; black around muzzle Characteristics: • Highest butterfat and protein • Well-shaped udders

  19. Jersey • Production per milk cycle – 16,000lbs (1860 gallons) • Butterfat – 4.9% • Protein 3.7%

  20. Milking Shorthorn Origin: England Size: 1400 lbs mature Imported: 1783 Color: Red and white or just red/just white, roan Characteristics: • Adaptable • Dual-Purpose

  21. Milking Shorthorn • Produces 15,400 lbs (@1880 gallons) per lactation cycle • 3.8% butterfat • 3.3% protein

  22. Holstein-Friesan Origin: Netherlands Size: 1500 lbs mature, minimum Imported: 1621 Color: Black and white, red and white Characteristics: • Most popular dairy breed in the U.S. (85% of the U.S. Dairy herd- Ag Census 2012)

  23. Holstein-Friesian • Highest producer – 28,000 lbs (@3260 gallons) per milk cycle • 2.5-3.6% butterfat • 3.2% protein

  24. Review • Terms • What did we learn today? • How do these all go together? • Breeds • Which came to the U.S. First? • What is the largest? • Smallest?

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