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The Dawn of Genetics

The Dawn of Genetics. Genetics – the study of heredity which is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. Gregor Johann Mendel . born on July 22, 1822 to peasant parents in a small agrarian town in Czechoslovakia

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The Dawn of Genetics

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  1. The Dawn of Genetics Genetics – the study of heredity which is the transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring

  2. Gregor Johann Mendel • born on July 22, 1822 • to peasant parents in a small agrarian town in Czechoslovakia • In 1843 he entered an Augustinian monastery in Czechoslovakia • He was later sent to the University of Vienna to study The above photo is from http://www.open.cz/project/tourist/person/photo.htm.

  3. The garden of the Augustinian Convent in Brno. part of the foundations of the greenhouse that Mendel used

  4. The pea flower The male part of the flower (stamen) was easily removed to prevent self-pollination. Pea flowers are easy to cross-pollinate They were easy to grow. Mendel studied Pea PlantsWhy? Pistil Stamen

  5. Dominant Recessive Mendel Isolated 7 pairs of contrasting traits. Images from Purves et al., Life: The Science of Biology, 4th Edition, by Sinauer Associates

  6. In each case, one characteristic was dominant and one was recessvie

  7. And the last 2 traits he selected: Flower postion: Axial is dominant over terminal Tall is dominant over short.

  8. Mendel tested all 34 varieties of peas available to him through seed dealers. The garden peas were planted and studied for eight years. • Mendel's experiments used some 28,000 pea plants. • So just imagine what life would have been like living in the same monastery as Brother Gregor??

  9. Mendel formulated 4 basic laws that are still used today: • Law of Dominance • Law of Unit Characters • Law of Segregation • Law of Independent Assortment

  10. Genetic Terminology you will need to know: • Phenotype - Tall and short are phenotypes • Genotype – Tt is hybrid tall, TT is pure tall • Allele – tall and short are the alleles for height in pea plants • Dominant – Tall is stronger over short so the tall allele will be expressed • Recessive – Short is the weaker allele and won’t show unless both alleles for short are present

  11. More terms: • Homozygous – pure – • Heterozygous – hybrid -

  12. Our Fast Plant Experiment

  13. And like Mendel’s pea plants Stamen(anther) Stigma These fast plants are very easy to cross pollinate..

  14. They will grow from seed to flower in just 14 days!!

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