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Psikologi Industri

Psikologi Industri. Keselamatan Kerja & Behavior-Based Safety. Pengantar. Ruang lingkup permasalahan Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS) Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993) Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993) Prediksi

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Psikologi Industri

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  1. Psikologi Industri Keselamatan Kerja & Behavior-Based Safety

  2. Pengantar • Ruang lingkup permasalahan • Statistik kecelakaan kerja (AS) • Dampak finansial: 114 milyar dolar • 3,2 juta karyawan celaka (1993) • Lebih dari 9000 pekerja meninggal dunia (1993) • Prediksi • 3,5 orang/1000 orang akan meninggal dunia karena kecelakaan terkait kerja • Dampak finansial 780.000 USD/kematian. • Statistik di Indonesia?

  3. Penyebab Kecelakaan • Dua kategori utama • Unsafe conditions • Unsafe acts • Faktor teknologi • Rancangan, pengoperasian, perawatan, dll • Human factors • Isu: Kenapa kecelakaan terjadi? • Faktor manusia dapat diperbaiki (untuk mencegah kecelakaan) • Faktor ini dapat berkontribusi secara tidak langsung atas unsafe conditions

  4. Faktor Manusia • Kecerdasan • Penglihatan • Koordinasi • Kepribadian (personality) • Kelelahan • Pengalaman • Risk acceptance

  5. Psikologi Kecelakaan • Konsep accident proneness • Berdasarkan sejumlah studi • Kesimpulan - masih kontroversial • Teori Goals-Freedom-Alertness • Teori Adjustment-Stress • Behavior-Based Safety

  6. Behavior Based Safety • BBS • Claimed to be an effective approach to preventing occupational injuries • Issues • Responsibility on workers • Potentially abused by managers • Need for a more systematic approach • A potential alternative, though warrants further studies

  7. Behavior Based Safety • Key concepts • Employee participations • Understanding why certain (safety) behavior is (or is not) practiced • Can be used as a practical strategies for • Obtaining objective evidence of at-risk behaviors • Defining barriers to safe behaviors • Teaching ways to substitute safe for at-risk behaviors • Holding people accountable to improve safe behaviors • Demonstrate utility of BBS procedures

  8. Behavior Based Safety • Basic BBS strategy • Watch language • Take advantage of the competence motive • Make feedback a positive experience • SMART goals • Elevate self- and response-efficacy • Sell outcome-expectancy with personal testimony • Theory and principles before procedures

  9. Behavior Based Safety • BBS strategy • Use process measures of safety performance • Look beyond numbers • Build and maintain momentum

  10. Conclusion • Importance of understanding safety at workplaces • Different potential approaches • Need to take into account • Engineering factors • Human factors • Behavior as a more recent approach to the personal aspects in improving safe acts

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