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Understanding the Scribes, Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, and Herodians of the New Testament

This text explores the historical context and characteristics of key religious and political groups from the New Testament, including the Pharisees, Sadducees, Scribes, Zealots, and Herodians. It examines their beliefs, practices, roles in society, and their opposition to Jesus. The distinctions between these groups highlight their different approaches to faith and governance, showcasing how these dynamics played a critical role in the life of early Christianity. The analysis offers insights into their modern-day manifestations and relevance.

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Understanding the Scribes, Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots, and Herodians of the New Testament

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  1. Who Are They? www.HebronChurchOfChrist.com

  2. Who Are They? • “Hypocrites,” “blind guides,” • “brood of vipers,” Mt. 23:15-33 • Jesus’ description of scribes & Pharisees • Loved religious titles, Mt. 23:6-10 • Put religion on their sleeves, Mt. 23:5, 14

  3. Who Are They? • “Hypocrites,” “blind guides,” • “brood of vipers,” Mt. 23:15-33 • Who are these people in the New Testament • Sadducees • Lawyers • Zealots • Herodians

  4. Who Are They? Pharisees Mt. 9:34 • Historic background • Pharisee: “separated” or “separatist” • Traced by to 2nd century BC • Pious men who resisted Hellenism • Leadership of middle-class men • Held sway with the masses

  5. Who Are They? Pharisees Mt. 9:34 • Historic background • Strict ceremonial & dietary regulations • Official membership standards stringent • High esteem for oral traditions • Democratic views – equality of men

  6. Who Are They? Pharisees Mt. 9:34 • New Testament actions & beliefs • Made own laws, Mt. 15:1-14 • Strict sect, Acts 26:5 • Opposed Jesus, Mt. 12:9-14 • Believed in an afterlife, Acts 23:8

  7. Who Are They? Sadducees Mt. 3:7 • Historic Background • Possible meanings • Righteous ones • Sons of Zadok • Judges or fiscal controllers

  8. Who Are They? Sadducees Mt. 3:7 • Historic Background • Aristocratic rulers beginning in 1st century • High priesthood & priestly caste • Majority of Sanhedrin council • Wealthy, upper class • Very political • Disappeared after 70 AD

  9. Who Are They? Sadducees Mt. 3:7 • New Testament actions & beliefs • Priestly caste, Acts 5:17 • Denied the resurrection, angels, spirits, • Mt. 22:23-33; Acts 23:6-8 • Sought to keep the status quo, Jn. 11:45-50 • Opposed the apostles, Acts 4:1-3

  10. Who Are They? Scribes & Lawyers Mt. 2:4; Lk. 10:25 • Historic Background • Copied & studied the Law • Experts in the Law • Lawyers acted as judges • Could be Pharisees, Sadducees, or other

  11. Who Are They? Scribes & Lawyers Mt. 2:4; Lk. 10:25 • New Testament actions & beliefs • Kept traditions, Mk. 7:1, 2 • Accused Jesus of blasphemy, Mk. 2:1-7 • Tried to entrap Jesus, Jn. 8:2-5 • Hard-hearted, Mt. 21:15 • Responsible for death of Christ – • along with others, Mk. 8:31; 14:1

  12. Who Are They? Zealots • Historic Background • Developed in reaction to • greater Roman control • Used violence & intrigue • Refused to pay taxes • Refused to use foreign language

  13. Who Are They? Zealots • New Testament actions & beliefs • Simon the Zealot – apostle, Lk. 6:15

  14. Who Are They? Herodians • Historic Background • Supporters of Herodian rulers • Political party

  15. Who Are They? Herodians • New Testament actions & beliefs • Sought to destroy Jesus early, Mk. 3:6 • Joined with Pharisees to entrap Jesus, • Mt. 22:15-22

  16. Who Are They? Pharisees Nationalists – repentance & submission to God Zealots Nationalists – resistance & rebellion to Rome Sadducees Aristocrat rulers – good terms with Rome to maintain power Herodians Compromisers – sell-outs to wicked rulers

  17. Who Are They? • Modern manifestations of these groups • are seen in denominations • Religious titles • Outward displays of religious devotion • Creating own laws & regulations • More interest in political power • than spiritual purity • Compromisers with a wicked culture • Enemies of the cross of Christ

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