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ITU and IPv6 Global IPv6 Summit 5-6 April 2005, Beijing, China by Houlin ZHAO Director

ITU and IPv6 Global IPv6 Summit 5-6 April 2005, Beijing, China by Houlin ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Tel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853

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ITU and IPv6 Global IPv6 Summit 5-6 April 2005, Beijing, China by Houlin ZHAO Director

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  1. ITU and IPv6 Global IPv6 Summit 5-6 April 2005, Beijing, China by Houlin ZHAO Director Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (TSB) International Telecommunication Union, Geneva Place des Nations - CH-1211 Geneva 20 – Switzerland Tel: +41 22 730 5851 Fax: +41 22 730 5853 E-mail: tsbdir@itu.int ITU Home page address: http://www.itu.int

  2. 1837 Invention of the first electric telegraph 1844 Samuel Morse sent his first public message over a telegraph Iine between Washington and Baltimore 1865 Foundation of the International Telegraph Union by twenty States 17 May with the adoption of the first Convention. First Telegraph Regulations. 1876 Alexander Graham Bell patents his invention of the telephone 1924 Paris - Creation of CCIF (International Telephone Consultative Committee) 1925 Paris - Creation of CCIT (International Telegraph Consultative Committee) 1927 Washington - Creation of the CCIR (Intl. Radio Consultative Committee) 1932 Madrid - Plenipotentiary Conference. Telegraph Union changes name to International Telecommunication Union 1947 ITU becomes a Specialized Agency of the United Nations 1956 Geneva - CCIF and CCIT merged into CCITT (International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) 1992 Geneva - Plenipotentiary Conference. Creation of 3 Sectors: ITU-T replaces CCITT, ITU-R replaces IFRB, CCIR, and ITU-D replaces TCD ITU Landmarks

  3. ITU Resolution 102 (Marrakesh, 2002) instructs the Director of TSB: “1. to continue to liaise and to cooperate with appropriate entities on relevant Internet domain name and address management issues, such as the transition to IP Version 6 (IPv6), ENUM, and internationalized domain names (IDN); 2. to work with Member States and Sector Members, recognizing the activities of other appropriate entities, to review Member States' ccTLD and other related experiences; …”------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • ITU supports IPv6, for example: - TSB Director participates in IPv6 conferences in Beijing in 2003 and in London in 2003 - TSB Director’s paper “ITU and Internet Governance”, see § 4.2 and § 4.4 (www.itu.int/ITU-T/tsb-director/ITUt-WSIS) • Workshop on IPv6, Geneva, 6th May 2002; Excellent presentations (see http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/worksem/ipv6/index.html • 2nd Workshop on IPv6 in June 2005, under preparation ITU and IPv6

  4. The IPv6 is one of the useful delivery protocols for the future fixed and wireless/mobile network environments. From service and application aspects, the necessity of IPv6 protocol will be increasing for the coming NGN world. The IPv6 protocol should be accommodated with an alignment of the reference model and functional architecture of NGN. Extract from ITU-T Q.9/13: Impact of IPv6 to NGN

  5. Source: TSB, 3rd March 2005 96(37.6 %) 40 91(35.5 %) 35 30 25 20 15 19(7.5 %) 10 16(6.2 %) 16(6.2 %) 16(6.2 %) 5 2(0.8 %) 0 OTHER ORGS MULTICAST UNALLOCATED LACNIC ARIN RIPE NCC APNIC IPv4 Address Space Allocation

  6. IANA RIR LIR/ISP Current Allocation System (IPv4) u 212/8 x 213/8 v 212.100/16 w 212.101/16 212.100/15 y 213.50/16 ISP has 2 prefixes after 3 requests! Extract from a slide of APNIC(to SG2, Geneva, 30 April 2003)

  7. (*2004 Dec. 01 NIDA) Current status of worldwide distribution of IPv4

  8. 32-bit address space, 4x109 capacity, “was then (1970s) believed to be adequate for all time”; • In 1980s, the “class based” structure was relaxed with “subnetting”, “Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)”, NATs, etc. • In late 1990s, the address space is rapidly exhausted, and it is estimated by someone to be so by either 2005, or 2010 • _______________________________________________________________ But: • is its capacity really exhausted? • the real situation is: 35% remains unassigned and many assigned are not used Issues of IPv4 address

  9. Structure of IPv4 address is not the best one, (but neither is it very bad) • Policy to assign the IPv4 address is not the best one: first come, first serve • Management of IPv4 addresses by academic institutions in the early days, compared today with private agencies • No deployment plans at global level, (from the bottom up) • Preoccupation of a large amount of IPv4 addresses by those who do not have the capacity to build up their proper infrastructure • Government involvement is missed • International cooperation is not sufficient In short, IPv4 problems are not caused by technical factors only My observations on IPv4 problems(extract from my presentation in Beijing, April 2003)

  10. IPv6 address assignments (by Jan. 2005)

  11. Source: TSB, 3rd March 2005 IPv6 Address Space Allocation

  12. Based on Information available on the RIRs website on 2 February 2005 IPv6 address distribution

  13. Source: TSB, 3rd March 2005 IPv6 Distribution by Country 2005

  14. 4 RIRs IPv6 fee comparison table

  15. How long will IPv6 last? • IPv6 address space is not very large, under current allocation policies • Total of 36 site addresses per person in 2010 (10 billion population) • Space will be ‘rapidly’ exhausted, and policies will require review • How will we do the next transition? • Has anyone thought about this? Extract from a presentation by APNIC(to SG 2, Geneva, 30 April 2003)

  16. - Public numbering resources managed by ITU • - Telephone numbering scheme such as: • “+1” for USA, Canada and others; • “+86” for China • “+852” for Hong Kong, China • also, “+800” for global services • - Mobile codes, data codes and other codes (In ITU terminology, these codes are called “Country or Geographical area codes”) • - Operational codes: SANCs (for operators) • - Mechanism: All international codes are assigned to the country authority, except for “800-series” are assigned to the public • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • IPv4 addresses: first by a few experts, now by private sectors: IANA, RIRs, ICANN; • not country-oriented assignment, but open to the public. • ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ • - IPv6: Currently: the same as IPv4 Future: co-exist market-oriented allocation + country-oriented allocation? Public numbering and addressing resources management

  17. IPv6 Addresses2128 = 3.40282 x 1038 • Country-oriented AssignmentMarket-oriented Assignment • ITU reserves a block of addresses, - same as IPv4 and continues assigns them, free of charge, to the current system for IPv6, national authority (NA) i.e. through RIRs • - NA assigns to LIR/ISPs - RIR assigns to LIR/ISPs of their region directly Coordination of allocation policies (Choice by LIR/ISP) LIR/ISP IPv6 Dual Systems proposedas per TSB Director’s paper “ITU and Internet Governance”, § 4.2

  18. Technically possible but difficult: • - many issues have to be addressed- Politically, some issues: • - national sovereignty vs. global management • - national security vs. market competition • - Governments position vs. market players • - developing countries vs. industrialized countries • Commercial consideration has a role to play Co-existence of IPv6 allocations

  19. By requests of market players (current practice)? • By population? • By population and social/economic development? • By social/economic development (e.g. by GDP?)? • By other criteria? • ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- • How to assign the addresses? • One option: • ITU develops Recommendations on principles, guidelines, but operation to be entrusted to private sector Criteria for allocation to countries

  20. For public resource management, a national authority is neededto assure: - that national interests are safeguarded (e.g. allocation policies, cost of obtaining names or addresses, possible abuse of significant market power, legal intercept, authenticated data base of who has been assigned which name or address to ensure traceability - that fair and open competition prevails nationally - that national developments match national plans regarding interoperability, upgrading services, etc. - that international operability, such as global roaming be assured at national level National authorities could consider to leave operational andcommercial management to the private sector. IPv6 National authority (NA)

  21. ITU is open to proposals for the Global success of Internet services *********

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