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Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Wireless Markup Language (WML)

This document provides an overview of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and the Wireless Markup Language (WML). It covers WAP architecture, including browsing mechanisms, server interactions, and the structure of WML content. Key features of WML, such as cards, decks, and templates, are discussed alongside examples to demonstrate practical implementations. The content also explores dynamics of WAP browsing, protocols involved, and highlights issues regarding security, speed, and limitations in mobile web access.

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Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) and Wireless Markup Language (WML)

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  1. Wireless Application Protocol

  2. WAP- Wireless Application Protocol Deck WML Content HTTP Server Browser WEB WAP Gateway WAP IP

  3. WAP browsing exchange WAPGateway Card1 Deck &History Content/Application Browser Web server Within deck Initial card Initial deck New deck Dialconnection Initial deck HREF URL Initial URL Initial URL New deck HREF URL Initial deck Initial URL HREF URL Initial deck New deck New deck New cards Drop scripting HREF WTAI phone CardX Dialconnection

  4. WAP Protocol Stack HTML Wireless Markup Language WAP Binary XML Content Format Wireless Session Protocol (incl. HTTP1.1) HTTP Wireless Transaction Protocol TCP Wireless Transport Layer Security IP Wireless Datagram Protocol (or UDP) bearers

  5. Samples

  6. Wireless Markup Language - WML • XML based Language • Emphasis, Alignment, Tables • Buttons (Navigation mechanisms) • Actions • Variables • Script • Images - WBMP & local & alternate text

  7. Wireless Markup Language • Prologue (XML/WML version) • Deck • Template (defaults for cards in deck) • Card… • Do… • Paragraphs • Input

  8. Sample deck • <?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE wml PUBLIC "-//WAPFORUM//DTD WML 1.1//EN" • "http://www.wapforum.org/DTD/wml_1.1.xml"> • <wml> • <template> • <do type="options" label="Help"> • <go href="#helpcard" /> • </do> • <!- - <do type="options" label="Back"><prev/></do> --> • </template> • <card id="intro" title="Intro"> • <do type="accept" label="Go!" optional="false"> • <go href="#startcard"/> </do> • <p>Welcome to myWAP! • </p></card> • <card id="startcard" title="Content"> • <p>In the wonderful world of <em>WAP</em>, there is much intro, but no content.</p></card> • <card id="helpcard" title="Help"> • <p>As usual, no help is available</p></card> • </wml>

  9. More examples Phone.com Microsoft Accept Back

  10. <wml> <card id="login" title="login"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <do type="accept" label="outbox" optional="false"> <go href="#outbox"/> </do> <p><img localsrc="outbox" src="" alt=""/> To:<input name="email" emptyok="false" maxlength="128" format="*a\@*a"/><br/> Password: <input name="pwd" type="password" maxlength="32" format="*N"/></p></card> <card id="outbox" title="Outbox" ontimer="#send"> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <timer name="thinktime" value="100"/> <do type="accept" label="send"><go href="#send"/> </do> <p>Send '$(pwd)' to $(email)?</p></card> <card id="send"> <onevent type="onenterforward"> <go href="http://mango/cgi-bin/wap-send-email.sh?$(email)"/></onevent> <onevent type="onenterbackward"><prev/></onevent> <p>Failed to send to $(email).</p></card> </wml> Form processing

  11. Dynamic WML • Same techniques as for HTML, but set content-type • Detect agent type (name, supports, …) • Cookies & rewriting • Available buttons, e.g. back • Screen size • Image support

  12. Gateways • Identity • Compilation • Size restriction • Speed • Limit of size of the WEB accessible Captive WEB gateway Compress+Security cookies wireless

  13. Browsers • Phones • PDAs • Simulators

  14. Buttons Cookies History Timers FILE:// Cache bugs Images Bold/italic,… WMLscript POST method WTAI Security WML compilation Proxy authentication Browser consistency

  15. Limitations of technology • Screen size, resolution, colour • Input devices • Bandwidth • Latency • Deck size

  16. Future • More bandwidth (3G wireless)- • GPRS - General Packet Radio Service • UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecom System • User Agent Profiles • Security • Location determination • Local services/always on

  17. Alternative • NTT DoCoMo ‘iMode’ • Unwired Planet (Phone.com) - HDML

  18. References • http://www.wapforum.org • http://developer.phone.com • http://forum.nokia.com • http://mobileinternet.ericsson.se • http://www.developer.ericsson.com.au • http://www.winwap.com • http://www.microsoft.com/mobile/phones/mme • http://www.nttdocomo.com • citron:/home/horton/doc/WAP/WAP.ppt (these slides) • http://mango/home/… (for WML content type) • http://zero:81/index.wml

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