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CHAPTER 17 ENTERING THE WORLD STAGE

CHAPTER 17 ENTERING THE WORLD STAGE. CH. 17-1 THE LURE OF IMPERIALISM AMERICAN HISTORY. IMPERIALIST ACTIVITY. IMPERIALISM—the extension of a nation’s power over other lands Imperialistic thoughts—Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and Japan ECONOMIC INTERESTS

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CHAPTER 17 ENTERING THE WORLD STAGE

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  1. CHAPTER 17 ENTERING THE WORLD STAGE CH. 17-1 THE LURE OF IMPERIALISM AMERICAN HISTORY

  2. IMPERIALIST ACTIVITY • IMPERIALISM—the extension of a nation’s power over other lands • Imperialistic thoughts—Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, and Japan • ECONOMIC INTERESTS • Industrialized countries were looking at other nations for new customers • Africa, Asia, Latin America

  3. MILITARY NEEDS • Industrialized nations created strong navies to defend their shores and protect trading interests • Navies needed bases where ships could refuel and make repairs • Nations needed strategic locations

  4. IDEOLOGY • Two popular ideologies for imperialism: • 1) a strong sense of NATIONALISM (love of one’s country) • 2) feeling of cultural superiority • Social Darwinists believed that when nations competed only the strongest survived

  5. THE SCRAMBLE FOR TERRITORY • Late 1800s—European imperialist powers had taken control of vast territories in Africa and Asia • The British Empire rules about 25% of the world’s land and population • Mid 1800s—Americans believed it was their manifest destiny to expand to the Pacific Ocean. Now people thought the USA should expand beyond that

  6. TAKING CONTROL OF HAWAII • Hawaii was an ideal spot for coaling stations and naval bases for ships going to and from Asia • EARLY CONTACT • 1778—British explorer, Captain James Cook visited Hawaii • After Cook’s visit, Hawaii’s Chief Kamehameha united the 8 major islands under his leadership

  7. He created a monarchy and began a profitable trade in sandalwood • 1820s—US ships began arriving in Hawaii frequently, bringing traders and missionaries • Missionaries came to convert natives to Christianity • Missionaries and their families settled down and began raising crops (sugarcane)

  8. Foreigners also brought diseases that the Hawaiians were not immune to. • Population declined—300,000 (1770s) to 40,000 (1893) • SUGAR INTERESTS GAIN POWER • Americans had a sweet tooth • Sugar planters became very rich

  9. Planters needed workers • Few native Hawaiians left, so people brought in from China, Japan, Philippines • 1874—Kalakaua becomes king • Americans had gained control of land and economy • Kalakaua was nationalistic and promised to put the Hawaiians back in power

  10. Kalakaua signed a treaty with the USA to send sugar to America tax free • Sugar tycoons wanted more power over Hawaiian affairs • PLOTTING AGAINST THE KING • A group of business leaders, planters, and trades formed a secret society called the Hawaiian League

  11. Purpose—overthrow the monarchy and establish a democracy in Hawaii under control of the Americans • Conflict between business and King escalated in 1886 • The US wanted Pearl Harbor in exchange for renewing the sugar treaty • King Kalahaua would not give up independence of any part of the islands

  12. Hawaiian League forced the King to sign a new constitution at gunpoint in July 1887 • King called it the BAYONET CONSTITUTION • It severely restricted the King’s powers and deprived most Hawaiians of the vote • King forced to give up Pearl Harbor

  13. American warships had a permanent home in Hawaii • Sugar planters had political control over Hawaii • US revoked the Sugar treaty in1890 to support sugar producers on the mainland • Hawaiian business leaders thought the only option was to become part of the US

  14. Secret talks about annexation began • END OF THE MONARCHY • King Kalakaua died in 1891 • His sister, Liliuokalani, became queen • She was a nationalist that wanted to do away with the bayonet constitution • January 1893—Queen announced the monarchy would be restored

  15. In response, business leaders plotted to over thrown her • American Minister to Hawaii, John L. Stevens, ordered four boatloads of Marines to take up positions about the royal palace, aiming cannons and machine guns at the building • The rebels declared an end to the monarchy

  16. Queen Liliuokalani surrendered under protest January 17, 1893 • Rebel leaders formed a new government with Sanford B. Dole as president • Stevens recognized the new government and said the islands were under the protection of the US, all without official authorization

  17. ANNEXATION • President Cleveland put the treaty on hold and ordered an investigation • Investigator condemned the revolt and offered to put the Queen back on the throne • Cleveland agreed but Dole would not step down

  18. Cleveland would not use the military to back the Queen but he would not support annexation either • He passed the issue to the next president, William McKinley • McKinley favored annexation • Congress narrowly voted in favor in 1898. • Hawaii was now a territory and became the 50th state in 1959. • 1993—Congress formally apologized for the US’s role in overthrowing Liluokalania

  19. INFLUENCE IN CHINA • China stayed isolated from the rest of the world • Foreign traders could only go to the port at Guangzhou • 1842—British forced China to open 5 ports • US also gained greater trading privileges • China spent the next 50 years keeping foreign influence out

  20. 1895—Japan took over Taiwan • Russia, France, Germany, and Great Britain carved out their own SPHERES OF INFLUENCE • A geographic area where an outside nation exerts special economic or political control • US proposed the OPEN DOOR POLICY in 1899

  21. The aim was equal trading rights in China • No other countries agreed to the open door policy • Secret society known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists began attacking foreign missionaries and Chinese Christians • This society was known to westerners as the Boxers

  22. June 1900—the Boxers laid siege to the capital Beijing in what became known as the Boxer Rebellion • Western nations rushed 20,000 troops including 2,000 Americans • The troops quelled the rebellion • September 1901—China signed a humbling settlement agreement • Western nations realized that competition would hurt Chinese trade

  23. INFLUENCE IN JAPAN • Japan was not known as an imperialist nation • Mid-1800s—US pressures Japan to open its ports to trade • 1853—President Fillmore send Commodore Matthew Perry and 4 ships into Tokyo Bay • Japan had never seen steamships before

  24. Japan knew it couldn’t defend itself against a modern navy • 1854—Japan signs a treaty with the US opening up trade • Japan began a rapid modernization program • 1904—RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR broke out • Spring 1905—both sides ask President Roosevelt to broker a peace treaty

  25. Both sides met in Portsmouth, NH to finalize a treaty • Roosevelt received the Nobel Peace Prize • Japan was clear victor over Russia and hungry for territory • They wanted to expand in the Pacific to balance out US interests

  26. Roosevelt wanted to show how powerful the US military was • 1907—4 squadrons of battleships, known as the Great White Fleet, began a 43,000-mile round-the-world journey • Led by Rear Admiral Charles Sperry • Fleet stopped in 20 ports on 6 continents, including Japan • The fleet returned home in 1909 • THE END

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