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Idle Reduction: Saving Fuel, Reducing Emissions, and Improving Health

Learn about the importance of idle reduction in reducing fuel consumption, harmful emissions, and their impact on health and the environment. Discover strategies and technologies for both consumers and manufacturers to implement idle reduction for immediate savings and decreased dependence on foreign oil.

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Idle Reduction: Saving Fuel, Reducing Emissions, and Improving Health

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  1. Introduction • EPA standards for fuel economy and harmful emissions • Health and environmental effects of hydrocarbon fuel combustion • Idle reduction • Immediate savings after implementation • Reduced consumption of foreign oil

  2. Lesson 1: Introduction to Idle Reduction

  3. Objectives • Describe what idle reduction is • Explain the basic history of idle reduction strategies and technologies • Describe how implementing idle reduction strategies will benefit health and the environment • Explain the economic benefits associated with idle reduction • Describe what energy security is and how idle reduction affects it

  4. Definition of Idle Reduction • Petroleum and emissions reduction technologies and strategies • Idle = speed at which ICEs rotate under no throttle or load • Tachometer displays engine speed (600-1,000 rpm) • Smooth engine operation during acceleration from stop and adequate oil pressure

  5. Transportation and convenience idling • Technologies, policies, strategies to reduce engine idle time • Strategies and technologies to reduce both transportation and convenience idling Figure 1: The engine tachometer showing a vehicle’s idle speed. Source: NAFTC.

  6. Idling a vehicle may allow for the comforts of heat or A/C and the operation of accessories such as radios or other multimedia, but when your vehicle is idling, your fuel economy when not in motion is 0 mpg.

  7. Basic History of Idle Reduction • ICEs in use since the early 20th century • Old = mechanical carburetors/fuel pumping systems • New = electronic throttle, high pressure fuel system, electronic fuel injection • Idling vehicles produce no propulsion but still consume fuel and produce emissions

  8. Pre-heating, pre-cooling for comfort • Idling while waiting for traffic, etc. • Load from accessories • Long-haul trucks may idle up to 300 nights a year • Non-driving time requirements

  9. Policies for Idle Reduction • U.S. EPA emissions and CAFE fuel economy standards • More attention is being paid to emissions produced from idling • Federal tax exemptions for heavy-duty trucks • New vehicles and aftermarket products • Clean Cities program, SmartWay Transportation, Clean School Bus USA partnership, and others

  10. Figure 2: States that have policies or incentives to implement idle reduction technologies. Source: AFDC.

  11. State enacted policies and idle limitations • Local and city government regulations • School bus emissions at idle • Amount of fuel used per idle time • Reduced idling = immediate fuel savings Figure 3: School bus at idle, consuming fuel and producing emissions. Source: EPA.

  12. Idling a car for one hour consumes about one gallon of fuel. Source: http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/myths/idling.html.

  13. Idle Reduction Today • Cleaner, healthier planet • Improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions • Innovative technologies, specialized technicians • Technologies and strategies implemented by both manufacturers and consumers

  14. Consumer Idle Reduction Strategies • Any reduction in idle time can save fuel and reduce emissions • Idling during in-city driving • Avoiding congested areas • Limit idle time for convenience • Immediate fuel savings

  15. Manufacturer Idle Reduction • New technologies, improved fuel economy, and reduced emissions • Light-, medium-, and heavy-duty vehicle fuel savings • Idle shutoff functions, mild hybrid technologies • APUs for long haul trucks • TSE implementation Figure 4: Driver in a long haul truck utilizing a type of TSE. Source: IdleAir.

  16. Truck idling uses approximately 3 billion gallons of fuel per year Approximately 1 billion gallons for overnight idling Roughly 2 billion gallons for workday idling Every hour a truck idles unnecessarily is equivalent to about 8 to 10 miles of on-road driving. Source: Argonne National Laboratory.

  17. Why Consider Idle Reduction? • Personal and environmental health • Financial and fuel economy improvements • Technologies manufacturing and service • Implementation by both consumers and fleets • Immediate reductions in fuel consumption and emissions

  18. Advantages of Idle Reduction • Reduced fuel consumption • Fewer vehicle emissions • Lower operating costs • Increased engine life • No-cost implementation

  19. Additional Points to Consider • Possible capital investment • Personal convenience may be compromised

  20. Benefits of Idle Reduction • Health and environmental benefits • Reduced fuel costs - economics • Reduced dependence on foreign oil – energy security

  21. Health Benefits • Combustion of fuels produces harmful emissions • Creation of PM • Respiratory and cardiovascular complications • Idle reduction reduces vehicle emissions

  22. Environmental Benefits • Emissions negatively affect the environment • GHG formation, climate change • Idle reduction = reduced emissions

  23. Economic Benefits • Excessive idling = unnecessary financial loss • Industry opportunity for implementation of idle reduction technologies • Reduced consumption = financial benefit for all drivers

  24. Energy Security Benefits • Reduced idling = reduced fuel consumption • Reduced fuel consumption = reduced reliance on foreign oil • Nearly half of all petroleum used in the U.S. is imported

  25. Upon completing this lesson, can you: • Describe what idle reduction is? • Explain the basic history of idle reduction strategies and technologies? • Describe how implementing idle reduction strategies will benefit health and the environment? • Explain the economic benefits associated with idle reduction? • Describe what energy security is and how idle reduction affects it?

  26. Test Your Knowledge • True or False: Engine speeds of idling engines under no load are typically 600-1,000 rotations per minute (rpm). • What does the acronym TSE stand for and how does it relate to idle reduction? • A passenger car that is idles for one hour consumes about ___ gallon(s) of fuel. • True or False: Vehicles that are idling while not moving have a fuel economy of 0 miles per gallon (MPG).

  27. Lesson 2: Idle Reduction Policies, Infrastructure, and Sustainability

  28. Objectives • Describe federal, state, and local policies on idle reduction • Explain how both manufacturers and consumers can implement idle reduction strategies • Explain the need for distribution of knowledge and possible infrastructure changes to assist in idle reduction • Describe how idle reduction relates to sustainability and cost efficiency

  29. Idle Reduction Policies • Reduced allowable emissions from vehicles • CAFE fuel economy standards for passenger cars and trucks • New goals implemented by the Obama administration • Fuel economy gains of more than 5% per year

  30. Figure 5: New standards for light-duty vehicles in order to meet 2016 compliance. Source: EPA.

  31. Figure 6: Compression-ignition engine emissions limits. Source: EPA.

  32. Testing Procedures • Pre-defined test cycles for light- and heavy-duty vehicles • Dynamometer vehicle testing • Fuel waste and emissions from overnight idling • New technology development • Strict standards and timelines

  33. Figure 7: Test cycles for fuel economy and emissions of light-duty vehicles. Source: EPA.

  34. Federal Idle Reduction Programs • Clean Cities program • Reduce petroleum consumption • Offers educational workshops, grants, program development assistance • SmartWay • Partnership between government and industry • Financing options for fuel-saving and emission reducing technologies

  35. Clean School Bus USA • Partnership between EPA and private organizations • Reduce children’s exposure to school bus emissions • Limit school bus idling

  36. For more information on Clean Cities initiatives in your area, visit: www.eere.energy.gov/cleancities. For more information on a SmartWay program, visit: http://www.epa.gov/smartway/index.htm To learn more about another DOE idle reduction project, visit: http://www.the-step-project.org

  37. State Programs • Individual regulations and incentives • Incentives often based on vehicle weight • Truck stop electrification (TSE) development • Maximum idling time per hour • Specific grant programs for idle reduction implementation

  38. To learn about other states laws, visit http:/www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/laws/state. And http://www.atri-online.org/2012/01/01/idling-regulations-compendium/.

  39. Local • Maximum idle time in public places • Idle time may vary by location, proximity to certain businesses Figure 8: Idle-Free Tennessee Program. Source: East Tennessee Clean Fuels Coalition.

  40. Manufacturer Implementation • New technologies help light- duty manufacturers reach CAFE/EPA standards • Light- and medium-duty mild hybrid implementation • Heavy-duty idle timer use • Auxiliary power units (APUs)

  41. Consumer Implementation • Purchase of new technologies/vehicles • Understand how the vehicle operates • Minimum warm-up/cool-down times • Planning trips/avoiding traffic congestion

  42. Distribution and Infrastructure • Distribution of Knowledge • Strategies are implemented on vehicles that are already in use • Easily adapted for advanced technology vehicles • Immediate fuel and emissions reductions

  43. Infrastructure • Some strategies requires no infrastructure development • Mild hybrid, HEV, EV production already in place • Heavy-duty sector development • APUs, TSE (possibility for up to 5,000 TSE sites) • Utilization of electricity over petroleum

  44. Sustainability • Completely sustainable practices • Small changes can affect fuel consumption • Less dependence on foreign oil supplies • Remember overnight commercial truck idling consumes about 1 billion gallons a fuel a year

  45. Cost Efficiency • Immediate fuel savings • Strategies can be implemented at no cost • Technology investment may be offset by tax incentives and fuel savings The Future of Idle Reduction • Necessary part of achieving higher fuel economy ratings • Evolution from options to standard equipment

  46. Upon completing this lesson, can you: • Describe federal, state, and local policies on idle reduction? • Explain how both manufacturers and consumers can implement idle reduction strategies? • Explain the need for distribution of knowledge and possible infrastructure changes to assist in idle reduction? • Describe how idle reduction relates to sustainability and cost efficiency?

  47. Test Your Knowledge • True or False: The Clean Cities and SmartWay transportation programs are examples of federal programs that address benefits of idle reduction. • In West Virginia, a heavy-duty vehicle may not operate more than ________ minutes within a sixty minute period. • The EPA estimates that overnight idling of long- haul trucks consumes 1 (thousand, million, billion) gallons of fuel annually. • True or False: Additions in TSE could provide up to 64 electrified truck stops nationwide.

  48. Lesson 3: Idle Reduction Technologies and Strategies

  49. Objectives • Explain some of the technologies and strategies that are utilized for idle reduction in the heavy-duty vehicle sector • Explain some of the technologies and strategies that are utilized for idle reduction in the light- and medium-duty vehicle sector • Describe the safety, performance, and maintenance of vehicles that utilize idle reduction technologies • Describe some of the vehicles available with idle reduction technologies already in place

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