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Boundless Lecture Slides

Boundless Lecture Slides. Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com. Using Boundless Presentations. Boundless Teaching Platform

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Boundless Lecture Slides

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  1. Boundless Lecture Slides Available on the Boundless Teaching Platform Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  4. Water Balance Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Body Fluids Electrolyte Balance Acid-Base Balance ] Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  5. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance > Water Balance Water Balance • Regulation of Water Intake • Regulation of Water Output • Nitrogenous Waste in Terrestrial Animals: The Urea Cycle • Water Balance Disorders Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/body-fluids-and-acid-base-balance-26/water-balance-245/

  6. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance > Body Fluids Body Fluids • Water Content in the Body • Fluid Compartments • Body Fluid Composition • Movement of Fluid Among Compartments Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/body-fluids-and-acid-base-balance-26/body-fluids-246/

  7. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance > Electrolyte Balance Electrolyte Balance • Sodium, Electrolytes, and Fluid Balance • Sodium Balance Regulation • Potassium Balance Regulation • Calcium and Phosphate Balance Regulation • Anion Regulation Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/body-fluids-and-acid-base-balance-26/electrolyte-balance-247/

  8. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance > Acid-Base Balance Acid-Base Balance • pH, Buffers, Acids, and Bases • Chemical Buffer Systems • Regulation of H+ by the Lungs • The Role of the Kidneys in Acid-Base Balance Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/physiology/textbooks/boundless-anatomy-and-physiology-textbook/body-fluids-and-acid-base-balance-26/acid-base-balance-248/

  9. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  10. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Key terms • acidichaving a pH less than 7 • acidosisAn increase in acidity of the blood and other body tissue (i.e., an increased hydrogen ion concentration). If not further qualified, it usually refers to the acidity of the blood plasma. • aldosteroneA corticoid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex that regulates the balance of sodium and potassium and thus the water-balance levels in the body. • aldosteroneA mineralocorticoid hormone that is secreted by the adrenal cortex and regulates the balance of sodium and potassium in the body. • alkalinehaving a pH greater than 7; basic • alkaloticA condition that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia). Generally, alkalosis is said to occur when the blood pH exceeds 7.45. • angiotensinAny of several polypeptides that narrow the blood vessels and regulate arterial pressure. • anionAn negatively charged ion. • anti-diuretic hormoneA neurohypophysial hormone found in most mammals that is responsible for increasing water absorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney nephrons. • baseAny of a class of generally water-soluble compounds, that have a bitter taste, turn red litmus paper blue, and react with acids to form salts. • bicarbonateAn alkaline, vital component of the pH buffering system of the human body that maintains acid–base homeostasis. • bioelectrical impedance analysisA commonly used method for estimating body composition, by measuring resistance to the flow of electricity in the body, which is associated with hydration levels. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  11. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • bufferA solution used to stabilize the pH (acidity) of a liquid. • buffera solution composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base that can be used to stabilize the pH of a solution • calciumA chemical element, atomic number 20, that is an alkaline earth metal and occurs naturally as carbonate in limestone and as silicate in many rocks. • carbaminohemoglobinA compound of hemoglobin and carbon dioxide. It is one of the forms in which carbon dioxide exists in the blood. • electrolyteAny of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes. • electrolyteAny of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes. • electrolyteAny of the various ions (such as sodium or chloride) that regulate the electric charge on cells and the flow of water across their membranes. • homeostasisThe ability of a system or living organism to adjust its internal environment to maintain a stable equilibrium; such as the ability of warm-blooded animals to maintain a constant temperature. • hydrolysisA biochemical reaction in which water molecules are used to break down a molecule into smaller molecules. • hyperphosphatemiaAn elevated amount of phosphate in the blood. • hypochloremiaAn electrolyte disturbance caused by an abnormally depleted level of chloride ions in the blood. • hypophosphatemiaAn electrolyte disturbance caused by an abnormally low level of phosphate in the blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  12. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • interstitial fluidA solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. • interstitial fluidA solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals; also called tissue fluid. • intracellular fluidThe liquid found inside cells, between the endomembrane and the membrane-bound organelles. • ionAn atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge. • isotonicWhen comparing solutions, an isotonic solution has the same osmolarity (ion concentration) as the solution it is being compared to. • Le Chatelier's principleA principle that states that if a chemical system at equilibrium experiences a change in concentration, temperature, or total pressure, the equilibrium will shift in order to minimize that change. • ornithinean amino acid, which acts as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of urea • osmoreceptorsSensory receptors, primarily found in the hypothalamus, that detect changes in plasma osmolarity and contribute to the fluid-balance regulation in the body. • osmoreceptorsSensory receptors that are primarily found in the hypothalamus or macula densa that detect changes in the solute concentration of blood. • parathyroid hormoneA polypeptide hormone that is released by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands and is involved in raising the levels of calcium ions in the blood. • pHIn chemistry, a measure of the activity of the hydrogen ion concentration. • plasmaThe straw-colored/pale-yellow, liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells of whole blood in suspension. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  13. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • plasmaThe straw-colored/pale-yellow, liquid component of blood that normally holds the blood cells of whole blood in suspension. • PotassiumA chemical element with the symbol K and the atomic number 19. Elemental potassium is a soft, silvery white, alkali metal that oxidizes rapidly in the air and is very reactive with water—it can generate sufficient heat to ignite the hydrogen emitted in the reaction. • renalPertaining to the kidneys. • sodiumA chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals. • sodiumA chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin: natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery white, highly reactive metal and is a member of the alkali metals. • Starling equationAn equation that illustrates the role of hydrostatic and oncotic forces in the movement of fluid across capillary membranes. • thirstThe sensation that drives organisms to ingest water. It is considered a basic survival instinct. • transcellular fluidThe portion of total body water contained within epithelial-lined spaces, such as the cerebrospinal fluid, and the fluid of the eyes and joints. • ureaa water-soluble organic compound, CO(NH2)2, formed by the metabolism of proteins and excreted in the urine • ureotelicanimals that secrete urea as the primary nitrogenous waste material • vitamin DA fat-soluble vitamin that is required for normal bone development and that prevents rickets; it can be manufactured in the skin on exposure to sunlight. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  14. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Expiration When blood pH drops too low, the body compensates by increasing breathing to expel more carbon dioxide. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Expiration diagram."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Expiration_diagram.svgView on Boundless.com

  15. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Cell electrolytes This diagram illustrates the mechanism for the transportation of water and electrolytes across the epithelial cells in the secretory glands. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Cell electrolytes."CC BYhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cell_electrolytes.pngView on Boundless.com

  16. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance A schematic diagram of the renin–angiotensin system Overview of the renin–angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure and plasma osmolarity. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Renin-angiotensin system in man shadow."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Renin-angiotensin_system_in_man_shadow.svgView on Boundless.com

  17. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance The hypothalamus The hypothalamus is the thirst center of the human body. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."1806_The_Hypothalamus-Pituitary_Complex.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothalamus#/media/File:1806_The_Hypothalamus-Pituitary_Complex.jpgView on Boundless.com

  18. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Water molecule A 3-dimensional model of hydrogen bonds (labeled 1) between molecules of water. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Water."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WaterView on Boundless.com

  19. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Calcium regulation This is an illustration of how parathyroid hormone regulates the levels of calcium in the blood. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Calcium regulation."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Calcium_regulation.pngView on Boundless.com

  20. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance IV fluid and electrolyte administration Intravenous administration of fluid is one effective treatment of dehydration in humans. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."ICU IV 1."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ICU_IV_1.jpgView on Boundless.com

  21. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Extracellular matrix Spatial relationship between the blood vessels, basement membranes, and interstitial space between structures. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Extracellular Matrix."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Extracellular_Matrix.pngView on Boundless.com

  22. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance The cytosol The cytosol (11) is the fluid within the plasma membrane of a cell and contains the organelles. The cytosol includes dissolved molecules and water. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Biological cell."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Biological_cell.svgView on Boundless.com

  23. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Renin–angiotensin system The regulation of sodium via the hormones renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone. In states of sodium depletion, the aldosterone levels increase, and in states of sodium excess, the aldosterone levels decrease. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia commons."Renin-angiotensin system."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone_system.pngView on Boundless.com

  24. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Capillary dynamics Oncotic pressure exerted by the proteins in blood plasma tends to pull water into the circulatory system. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Capillary dynamics."Public domainhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Illu_capillary_microcirculation.jpgView on Boundless.com

  25. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance The Starling model Note the concentration of interstitial solutes (orange) increases proportionally to the distance from the arteriole. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Starling equation."GNU FDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling_equationView on Boundless.com

  26. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Bicarbonate as a buffering system In the lungs, CO2 is produced from bicarbonate and removed as metabolic waste through the reverse reaction of the bicarbonate bidirectional equation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Riassorbimento bicarbonati e respirazione cellulare."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Riassorbimento_bicarbonati_e_respirazione_cellulare.svgView on Boundless.com

  27. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Urea Cycle The urea cycle converts ammonia to urea in five steps that include the catalyzation of five different enzymes. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Nitrogenous Wastes. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44811/latest/Figure_41_04_01.jpgView on Boundless.com

  28. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Buffers in the body This diagram shows the body's buffering of blood pH levels: the blue arrows show the process of raising pH as more CO2 is made; the purple arrows indicate the reverse process, lowering pH as more bicarbonate is created. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Water. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44392/latest/Figure_02_02_08.jpgView on Boundless.com

  29. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Ions Ions in solution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Chemistry Land."Experiment #11: Testing Water Filters."License: Otherhttp://www.chemistryland.com/CHM107Lab/Lab5/Filters/Lab5Exp2filters.htmlView on Boundless.com

  30. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance The pH scale The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Water. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44392/latest/Figure_02_02_07.jpgView on Boundless.com

  31. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance pH range Buffering agents keep blood pH between 7.38 and 7.42. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Power of Hydrogen (pH) chart."Public domainhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Power_of_Hydrogen_(pH)_chart.svgView on Boundless.com

  32. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance Attribution • Wikipedia."Gas exchange."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_exchange • Wikipedia."Acid-base homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_homeostasis%23Mechanism • Wikipedia."Acid-base balance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_balance • Wikipedia."carbaminohemoglobin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/carbaminohemoglobin • Wiktionary."Le Chatelier's principle."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Le_Chatelier's_principle • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Potassium_Balance • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/potassium--2 • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/alkalotic • Wiktionary."acidosis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acidosis • Wiktionary."calcium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/calcium • Wiktionary."vitamin D."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vitamin_D • Wiktionary."parathyroid hormone."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/parathyroid_hormone • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Calcium_and_Phosphate_Balance • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Calcium_and_Phosphate_Balance • Wikipedia."Intracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_fluid • Wikipedia."Extracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_fluid • Wikipedia."Interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  33. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • Wiktionary."interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interstitial_fluid • Wikipedia."intracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/intracellular%20fluid • Wiktionary."plasma."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasma • Wikipedia."Body water."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_water • Wikipedia."Extracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_fluid • Wikipedia."Intracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular_fluid%23Properties_and_composition • Wikipedia."Interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid%23Composition • Wiktionary."electrolyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrolyte • Wiktionary."ion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ion • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//physiology/definition/transcellular-fluid • Wikipedia."Buffering solution."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffering_solution • Wikipedia."Acid-base homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_homeostasis • Wikipedia."bicarbonate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bicarbonate • Wikipedia."Acid-base homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_homeostasis%23Mechanism • Wikipedia."Acid-base homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_homeostasis%23Mechanism • Wiktionary."buffer."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buffer • Wiktionary."pH."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/pH • Wiktionary."sodium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodium • Wiktionary."angiotensin."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/angiotensin Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  34. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • Wiktionary."aldosterone."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aldosterone • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Sodium_Balance • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Sodium_Balance • Wikipedia."anti-diuretic hormone."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/anti-diuretic%20hormone • Wikipedia."osmoreceptors."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/osmoreceptors • Wiktionary."aldosterone."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aldosterone • Wikipedia."Fluid balance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_balance • Wikipedia."Starling equation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling%20equation • Wikipedia."Starling equation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling_equation • Wikipedia."Interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interstitial_fluid • Wiktionary."interstitial fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/interstitial_fluid • Wikipedia."Capillary."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary • Wikipedia."Capillary."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary • Wikipedia."Phosphate."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphate • Wiktionary."hypophosphatemia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypophosphatemia • Wiktionary."hypochloremia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypochloremia • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Electrolyte Balance. January 15, 2014."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m46414/latest/ • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Electrolyte Balance. January 15, 2014."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m46414/latest/ • Wiktionary."hyperphosphatemia."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hyperphosphatemia Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  35. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • Wiktionary."anion."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/anion • Wikipedia."Water-electrolyte imbalance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-electrolyte_imbalance • Wikipedia."Water-electrolyte imbalance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water-electrolyte_imbalance • Wiktionary."sodium."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sodium • Wiktionary."electrolyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrolyte • Wiktionary."homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/homeostasis • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Water_Balance • Wikibooks."Human Physiology/Homeostasis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology/Homeostasis%23Water_Balance • Wikipedia."osmoreceptors."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/osmoreceptors • Wikipedia."dehydration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/dehydration • Wikipedia."Free water clearance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_water_clearance • Wikipedia."Osmoreceptors."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osmoreceptors • Wikipedia."Fluid balance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_balance • Wiktionary."thirst."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/thirst • Wikipedia."bioelectrical impedance analysis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bioelectrical%20impedance%20analysis • Wikipedia."extracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/extracellular%20fluid • Wikipedia."Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectrical_Impedance_Analysis • Wikipedia."intracellular fluid."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/intracellular%20fluid • Wikipedia."Body water."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_water Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  36. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • Wikipedia."Renal physiology."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_physiology • Wikipedia."Kidney."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney%23Acid-base_homeostasis • Wikipedia."Acid-base balance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_balance • Wikipedia."Acid-base balance."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid-base_balance • Wiktionary."renal."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/renal • Wikipedia."Blood."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%23Narrow_range_of_pH_values • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//chemistry/definition/base • Wikipedia."Dehydration."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dehydration • Wiktionary."isotonic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isotonic • Wiktionary."electrolyte."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/electrolyte • Wiktionary."plasma."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plasma • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 16, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44392/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • Wiktionary."acidic."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/acidic • Wiktionary."alkaline."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alkaline • Wiktionary."buffer."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buffer • Wikipedia."Urea."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea • Wiktionary."urea."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/urea • Wiktionary."ornithine."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ornithine • Boundless Learning."Boundless."CC BY-SA 3.0http://www.boundless.com//biology/definition/ureotelic Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

  37. Body Fluids and Acid-Base Balance • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. December 2, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44811/latest/?collection=col11448/latest • OpenStax CNX."OpenStax College, Biology. October 17, 2013."CC BY 3.0http://cnx.org/content/m44811/latest/?collection=col11448/latest Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

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