EXPERT SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE

1. EXPERT SYSTEM IN AGRICULTURE Dr.N.SRIRAM, Ph.D., sriram.na@gmail.com ns73@tnau.ac.in

2. Genesis of Agricultural Extension System in India Individual efforts Individual contacts Demo Small group meetings Extension Workers Multilevel workers Not specialist Before 1947s Community approach Area approach Clientele approach Demonstrators Field Supervisors Specialists (AEO, AAO) Dealers Friends & Relatives Individual contacts Group Mass 1947 - 1979 T&V BBES ATMA AEOs Scientists Input Agency Dealers Friends & relatives Print media Individual contacts Group Mass / ICT 1980s to 2011…..

3. Source of Information Traditional Farming Fore farmers knowledge Small knowledge from unskilled workers Subsistence Farming Before 1947s Community workers Demonstrators Friends & Relatives AEOs, AAOs, Mass Media Green Revolution 1947 - 1979 AEOs, AAOs, Scientists Dealers Friends & Relatives Print Media Commercial Agriculture 1980 to 2011..

4. Existing Agrarian Situation • Acute Labour and Water Scarcity • Increasing of Input cost and Fluctuation in Market Price • Land fragmentation • Increasing competition at global level - entry of FDI in Agri? • Young generation entered in to Agriculture / Leave Agriculture? More Demand from Scientists for Agro Advisory - Shortage of SMS Who will do agriculture in next Generation

5. Short supply of extension agents Lower level of education of Bottom level extension agents Human Resource of Extension Less number of female extension agents More area to be covered by agents More number of farmer per extension worker Poor ratio of SMS to agents

6. Need to Provide instant expert agro advisory services Future is going to be VirtualAgricultural Practices Farmers need again farm specific agro advisory

7. Extension worker Television The answer of all these questions is: EXPERT SYSTEM OF EXTENSION Who will help me in appropriate decision making? Friend News paper Neighbour Magazine

8. ICT mediated services • STATE INFORAMTION THROUGH PORTAL (WEB BASED) • INFORMATION DELIVERY THROUGH COMPUTER • MOBILE BASED AGRO ADVISORY SERVICES • RESOURCE DIGITILIZATION FOR VIRTUAL AGRICULTURE • DIGITILIZATION OF AGRICULTURE INFORAMTION • EXPERT SYSTEM

9. What is Expert System ? An “Expert System” is an intelligent computer programme that uses knowledge and inference procedures to solve problems that are difficult enough to require human expertise for their solution. The knowledge necessary to perform at such a level plus the inference procedures used can be thought of as a model of the expertise of the best practitioners in the field.(Daniel Hunt, 1986)

10. Expert Systems • Expert systems represent knowledge in the form of if-then-else rules. • Initial stage of building an expert system is to acquire the rules. • This is also known as the knowledge acquisition stage. • Knowledge acquisition requires the interaction between two specialists: A knowledge engineer and a domain expert. • The outcome of such a meeting is that a preliminary rule base is produced.

11. Conceptual Design Technical & Extension bulletins Research Findings Structured Knowledge Expert System of Extension Knowledge Base Data, Problems,Question Knowledge Engineer Domain Expert Knowledge, Concepts, Solutions Textbooks Facts Knowledge Acquisition Module

12. Expert Systems -shell Components of an expert system; numbers indicate the order of the processes

13. Expert Systems In IF-THEN rules, different combinations of conditions lead to Different conclusions

14. Expert Systems (continued) • Knowledge base: Used by ES • Collection of facts and relationships among them • Built on series of IF-THEN rules • Inference engine: combines data input by user with data relationships • Neural networks: Used by ES to mimic human brain learning • Refines itself based on decision success rate

15. Expert Systems in Action • ESs help many industries • Medical diagnosis • Help doctors with treatment advice • Diagnosis of symptoms • Can detect Alzheimer’s disease • Medical management • Discern which treatment patient should receive • Administrative decisions • Telephone network maintenance • Diagnose and fix network failures

16. Expert Systems in Action

17. Expert Systems in Action (continued)

18. In Agriculture

19. Fiber Grain Wood Vegetable Fodder Commercial Medicinal Plant ? Flowers Aromatic Plant Fruits Spices Oilseed Pulses

20. Expert Systems Implemented at CLAES: Cuptex: An Expert System for Cucumber Crop Production Citex: An Expert System for Orange Production Neper Wheat: An Expert System for Irrigated Wheat Managment Tomatex: An Expert System for Tomatoes Limex: A Multimedia Expert System for Lime Production Manage IRRI IASRI-ICAR

21. Network Project on Expert System for Agriculture & Animal Husbandry Funded by ICAR

22. Paddy Sugarcane Coconut Banana under Precision system Ragi Animal Husbandry Expert System for

23. The major activities will include • Identifying location specific knowledge needs of the farming community for content generation and digitization. • Development of expert system in respective languages on the crops and animal enterprises • iii. Testing of validity and reliability of the expert systems at different locations both on men and women farmers before finalizing on multilingual customized mode.

24. Methodology • Contents collected from different sources • Organized farmers’ workshop / meetings / brainstorming • Collected contents - Organized - Validated with help of concerned Scientists • Images and Video clippings documented in all critical stages of the crops

25. Hardware and Software • VB Professional Edition • MSQL Server • Flash • IF and Then Rules • Purely Image / Visual Based

26. Expert System Components Doctor - Artificial Intelligence Decision Support System Static Information

30. Action Plan 2009 Paddy • Paddy varieties suitable for different regions • Package of Practices for different location (Cauvery Delta Zone, Semidry Condition and Low Land Condition) • Collection of Nutrition deficiency symptoms, pest and disease symptoms • Post Harvest Technologies • General Information • Content Validation • Presentation in different mode • Fit into the Expert system • Language conversion (Tamil, Malayalam and Karnataka) • Interaction meeting with Paddy Growers

31. Sugarcane • Sugarcane varieties suitable for different regions • Package of Practices of Sugarcane suitable for TN, Karnataka and Kerala • Collection of Nutrition deficiency symptoms, pest and disease symptoms • Post Harvest Technologies • General Information • Content Validation • Presentation in different mode • Fit into the Expert system • Language conversion (Tamil, Malayalam and Karnataka) • Interaction meeting with Sugarcane Growers

32. Ragi • Ragi varieties suitable for different regions • Package of Practices of Ragi suitable for TN and Karnataka • Collection of Nutrition deficiency symptoms, pest and disease symptoms • Post Harvest Technologies + Value Addition • General Information • Content Validation • Presentation in different mode • Fit into the Expert system • Language conversion (Tamil, Malayalam and Karnataka) • Interaction meeting with Ragi Growers

33. Banana under Precision Farming • Banana varieties / Hybrids suitable for different regions • Precision Farming Technologies for Banana • Nutrification Schedule • Collection of Nutrition deficiency symptoms, pest and disease symptoms • Post Harvest Technologies + Value Addition • General Information + Market Information • Content Validation • Presentation in different mode • Fit into the Expert system • Language conversion (Tamil, Malayalam and Karnataka) • Interaction meeting with Precision Banana Growers

34. Animal Husbandry Component Dairy animals Poltry Goat & Sheep Pest & Diseases only Content Partner - TANUVAS

35. http://clinic.rubberboard.org.in/

36. http://www.iasri.res.in/expert1/

37. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/RiceDoctor/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=529&Itemid=2726http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/RiceDoctor/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=529&Itemid=2726

38. Thank you