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Object-Oriented Programming: An Introduction to Java, C++, and Object Technology

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cwen
17 diapositives · 355 Views · Jul 01, 2013

The foundations of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in this introductory course. We cover critical topics such as the evolution of programming languages from machine and assembly languages to high-level languages like C++ and Java. Dive into history, class libraries, and structured programming principles. Learn how Java provides a dynamic environment, and gain insights into object-oriented design and analysis using Unified Modeling Language (UML). This comprehensive outline lays the groundwork for understanding and applying OOP techniques in modern software development.

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  1. Week 1 - Introduction to Object-Oriented Programming Outline 1.1 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages1.2 History of C++1.3 History of Java1.4 Java Class Libraries1.5 Other High-Level Languages1.6 Structured Programming1.7 The Internet and the World Wide Web1.8 Basics of a Typical Java Environment 1.9 Thinking About Objects: Introduction to Object Technology and the Unified Modeling Language

  2. 1.1 Machine Languages, Assembly Languages and High-Level Languages • Machine language • “Natural language” of computer component • Machine dependent • Assembly language • English-like abbreviations represent computer operations • Translator programs convert to machine language • High-level language • Allows for writing more “English-like” instructions • Contains commonly used mathematical operations • Compiler convert to machine language • Interpreter • Execute high-level language programs without compilation

  3. 1.2 History of C++ • C++ • Evolved from C • Evolved from BCPL and B • Provides object-oriented programming capabilities • Objects • Reusable software components that model real-world items

  4. 1.3 History of Java • Java • Originally for intelligent consumer-electronic devices • Then used for creating Web pages with dynamic content • Now also used for: • Develop large-scale enterprise applications • Enhance WWW server functionality • Provide applications for consumer devices (cell phones, etc.)

  5. 1.4 Java Class Libraries • Classes • Contain methods that perform tasks • Return information after task completion • Used to build Java programs • Java contains class libraries • Known as Java APIs (Application Programming Interfaces)

  6. 1.5 Other High-Level Languages • Fortran • FORmula TRANslator • COBOL • COmmon Business Oriented Language • Pascal • Basic

  7. 1.6 Structured Programming • Structured Programming • Structured programs • Clearer than unstructured programs • Easier to test, debug and modify • Pascal designed for teaching structured programming • ADA • Multitasking • C

  8. 1.7 The Internet and the World Wide Web • Internet • Developed over three decades ago with DOD funding • Originally for connecting few main computer systems • Now accessible by hundreds of millions of computers • World Wide Web (WWW) • Allows for locating/viewing multimedia-based documents

  9. 1.8 Basics of a Typical Java Environment • Java systems contain • Environment • Language • APIs • Class libraries

  10. 1.8 Basics of a Typical Java Environment (cont.) • Java programs normally undergo five phases • Edit • Programmer writes program (and stores program on disk) • Compile • Compiler creates bytecodes from program • Load • Class loader stores bytecodes in memory • Verify • Verifier ensures bytecodes do not violate security requirements • Execute • Interpreter translates bytecodes into machine language

  11. Fig. 1.1 A typical Java environment.

  12. 1.9 Thinking About Objects: Introduction to Object Technology and the Unified Modeling Language • Object orientation • Unified Modeling Language (UML) • Graphical language that uses common notation • Allows developers to represent object-oriented designs

  13. 1.12 Thinking About Objects (cont.) • Objects • Reusable software components that model real-world items • Look all around you • People, animals, plants, cars, etc. • Attributes • Size, shape, color, weight, etc. • Behaviors • Babies cry, crawl, sleep, etc.

  14. 1.13 Thinking About Objects (cont.) • Object-oriented design (OOD) • Models real-world objects • Models communication among objects • Encapsulates data (attributes) and functions (behaviors) • Information hiding • Communication through well-defined interfaces • Object-oriented language • Programming is called object-oriented programming (OOP) • Java

  15. 1.14 Thinking About Objects (cont.) • Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) • Essential for large programs • Analyze program requirements, then develop solution • We begin OOAD in Chapter 2 • Elevator-simulation case study

  16. 1.15 Thinking About Objects (cont.) • History of the UML • Need developed for process with which to approach OOAD • Brainchild of Booch, Rumbaugh and Jacobson • Object Management Group (OMG) supervised • Version 1.4 is current version • Version 2.0 scheduled tentatively for release in 2002

  17. 1.16 Thinking About Objects (cont.) • UML • Graphical representation scheme • Enables developers to model object-oriented systems • Flexible and extendible