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The Role of Secondary Industries in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

Secondary industries play a crucial role in the economic development of developing countries (LEDCs). These industries transform raw materials into manufactured goods, providing jobs and income. However, most LEDCs have limited industrial sectors, often relying on informal employment with irregular income and job insecurity. Despite these challenges, some nations, classified as newly industrialized countries (NICs) or part of BRIC, have successfully developed their secondary industries through foreign investments and efficient resource management. Overcoming barriers to industrial growth is essential for sustainable development.

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The Role of Secondary Industries in Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities

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  1. Secondary industries in developing countries Definition of secondary industries

  2. Definitions • Manufactured goods. Product elaborated from an industrial process. Industry transforms raw materials into new goods. • Natural resource. Resource provided by nature • Raw materials. Substances transformed in an industrial process • Energy sources. Any substance, animal or human being capable of providing energy.

  3. Pictures

  4. Secondary industries in developing countries Industry in LEDCs

  5. Industry in LEDCs • In many LEDCs , there are few industries and they don’t offer too many jobs. • We can classify industry in “formal” and “informal” sectors. • The “formal” sector offers jobs with regular waged employment (regular salary). Normal wages are low. Employees work a lot of hours. • The “formal” sector is usually manufacturing. Often transnational enterprises are the ones that export all products and invest lots of money • The “informal” sector is usually work in small scale manufacturing (family enterprise located at home). Low investment and irregular wages . Provide local demand (builders, dress and furniture repairs...). Not secure

  6. Industry in LEDCs • LEDCs can’t increase the “formal” sector due to lack of money, investments and infrastructure (power supplies and transport networks). As a result of that, the “informal” sector increases a lot due to population growth. • In conclusion, LEDCs are trapped in this cycle and it’s difficult to improve the secondary activities and many people try to migrate to a rich country

  7. Secondary industries in developing countries NICs and BRIC

  8. NICs • After the Second World war, several countries of South East Asia promoted industrialization (cars, electronics...) with foreign investments (from developed countries). They have become NICs (newly industrialised countries). • These countries were Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Hong Kong (they were called the “four tigers”). They are small countries and they don’t have energy sources or raw materials • In recent years you can add Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia .

  9. BRIC • BRIC means Brazil, Russia, India and China • They all are big countries and have a lot of inhabitants. • They have raw materials and energy sources • Their economy has increased a lot in recent years (e.g. China grew by 10% in 2005) • Foreign enterprises (transnational) and the State invest in the energy sector and manufacturing.

  10. BRIC • China produces clothes , shoes... And has a great reserves of coal • Brazil has oil • India produces electronics and has started making cars. • Russia exports gas

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