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Carrier Controls

Carrier Controls. Demand Controlled Ventilation. Comfort = Temperature + Ventilation. Ventilation Control. Comfort Is More Than Just The Right Temperature…. Why Ventilation?. Ventilation Control. Why Ventilation?. Comfort Health & Safety Compliance. Ventilation Provides.

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Carrier Controls

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  1. Carrier Controls • Demand Controlled Ventilation

  2. Comfort = Temperature + Ventilation Ventilation Control Comfort Is More Than Just The Right Temperature… Why Ventilation?

  3. Ventilation Control Why Ventilation?

  4. Comfort Health & Safety Compliance Ventilation Provides Ventilation Control

  5. How is ventilation provided in most buildings today? Ventilation Control The same way it was in 1930. With Fixed Ventilation!

  6. Ventilation Control Fixed Ventilation Building codes require ventilation rates based on cfm/person: (typically 20 cfm/person) Max Occupancy: 25 people = 500cfm Actual Occupancy: 1 person = 500cfm Actual Occupancy: 5 people = 500cfm Inefficient!

  7. Total Building Heating and Cooling Costs Ventilation Control Ventilation

  8. Fixed Ventilation In a Multi-Zoned Building Ventilation Control Total cfm = Max occupants X 20 cfm There Is No Control!

  9. Ventilation Control Is There A Better Way?

  10. Temperature Sensor Temperature + Ventilation Sensor Temperature Control In A Multi-Zoned Building Ventilation Control • Measure In Each Zone • Control Based On Actual Load What if we did the same thing with ventilation?

  11. Zone Ventilation Control Great Idea! Delivers The RIGHT Amount of Fresh Air, To The RIGHT Place, At The RIGHT Time… But How Does It Work?

  12. Zone Ventilation Control ASHRAE 62.1 & 90.1 ASTM CO2 & Ventilation Standard Controlling Ventilation • There is a clearly defined relationship between indoor CO2 levels & ventilation rates established by: • Indoor CO2 levels are a measure of ventilation • rates (cfm/person) CO2 is the control parameter for ventilation!

  13. Zone Ventilation Control Single Zone Ventilation Actual Occupancy 1 person = 20cfm Actual Occupancy 5 people = 100cfm Actual Occupancy 25 people = 500cfm Ventilation based on actual occupancy!

  14. Zone Ventilation Control Multi Zoned Ventilation Control In a Building Healthy & Efficient!

  15. Zone Ventilation Control OK! But How Does Carrier Do It?

  16. Carrier DCV PremierLink The innovative DDC control system that automatically gives you the ventilation you need only when you really need it, with a thermostat or network. Comfort System Rooftop Controller

  17. CO2 (People Meters) Carrier DCV PremierLink Individual sensors throughout the building work together to identify and immediately respond to changing needs for total comfort control. Here’s how it works…

  18. Carrier DCV PremierLink As certain areas become occupied, the PremierLink identifies the changing temperature load as well as the change in ventilation requirements.

  19. Carrier DCV PremierLink Outside air dampers are utilized only as deemed necessary by actual occupant CO2 levels (rather than maximum assumed levels), thus reducing energy consumption by the HVAC system.

  20. Carrier DCV Timeline VAV CO2 1916 Mechanical Engineers Handbook Explains relationship between CO2 and ventilation 1929 NY Building code details CO2 levels shall not be greater than one part in one thousand 1973 Energy crunch introduce VAV system for commercial buildings 1989 ASHRAE Standard 62-89 sets 1000 PPM maximum 1997 Interpretation IC-62-1989-27 clarifies use of CO2 as a method of controlling ventilation based on occupancy 1999 ASHRAE 62-99 eliminates 1000 PPM CO2 threshold inside/outside differential introduced 1999 ComfortID introduced zone level DCV 2000 Carrier introduces low cost temp/CO2 sensor

  21. Understanding CO2 Carrier DCV People exhale CO2 at concentrations of 4% (40,000 ppm) Normal room concentrations are in the range of 400 - 1200 ppm As a gas, CO2 diffuses and equalizes rapidly throughout a room

  22. CO2 Equilibrium Levels Carrier DCV CO2 levels will build until an equilibrium level is reached with outside air entering the space 5 cfm/person 10 cfm/person 15 cfm/person 20 cfm/person 30 cfm/person

  23. Carrier DCV PremierLink Ventilation Savings This chart compares ventilation usage throughout a typical day using purple to represent “demand controlled” and green to represent “constant.” The difference between the two equates to significant savings.

  24. Patented NDIR Technology Micro Based Self Calibration Push Button Calibration Removable Terminal Strips RJ-14 for CCN Connection Night Setback Override Thermistor Slide Pot Option Sensor Technology CO2 Plus Temp Sensor First Cost Effective Zone Level CO2 + Temp Sensor

  25. Sensor Technology NDIR Gas Sensing IR Detector Target gas absorbs radiation at signature wavelength Filter isolates wavelength that reaches detector More gas in chamber leads to lower signal to detector IR Source 0 ppm CO2 Wavelength Filter IR Detector IR Source 1000 ppm CO2 Wavelength Filter IR Detector IR Source 2000 PPM CO2 Wavelength Filter

  26. Advantages of IR Sensing Custom Designed Infrared Filter Diffusion Membranes Micro-Machined Thermopile Detector Incandescent 1.25" Infrared Source Patented Waveguide Microprocessor Sensor Technology Long life (15 years expected) Selective - no interference with other gases Stable - does not require calibration

  27. Automatic Baseline Calibration (ABC Logic) Self calibrating algorithm Considers lowest CO2 level every 24 hrs Looks at long term changes in baseline Applies a correction factor for calibration Sensor Technology Self Calibration Of A CO2 Sensor

  28. Zone Ventilation Control International Mechanical Code: “Current technology (CO2 sensors) can permit the design of ventilation systems that are capable of detecting the occupant load of the space and automatically adjusting the ventilation rate accordingly.” Model, State & Local Codes CODE COMPLIANCE… Accepted by: ASHRAE Standard 62 Can Be Measured & Documented! Compliance Assured…

  29. Increases Productivity Improves Occupant/Customer Satisfaction Helps Prevent Sick Building Syndrome Health Affects Zone Ventilation Control Numerous Studies Confirm That Correct Ventilation ... • DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs • Indoor Environment In Schools • Pupils Health & Performance In Regard To CO2 Concentrations • A significant correlation was found between decreased performance and high CO2 levels (lower ventilation rates). • DOE/Lawrence Berkeley Labs Evaluation of • Sick Leave Statistics vs. Ventilation Rates • (3720 employees / 40 buildings): • Optimal ventilation reduces sick time costs. For every $1 spent to increase ventilation cost, $2 are saved in sick time “Air Quality and Ventilation” ranked very high (#2 of 25) on the list of tenant retention issues in a recent survey conducted by Real Estate Information Systems. • Economic Considerations of • Air Quality and Ventilation in Offices (US EPA) • Improvements in the indoor air environment substantially increase employee moral and productivity.

  30. Comfort Health & Safety Compliance Zone Ventilation Control Ensure for every zone…

  31. Ventilate to Actual vs. Assumed Occupancy Eliminate Wasteful Over-Ventilation Very Attractive ROI/Lower Operating Costs Zone Ventilation Control A Better Operating Building

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