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Essential Chemistry Concepts for Success in Your Exam

Get ready for your chemistry exam with this comprehensive guide! Explore essential topics such as periodic trends, types of chemical reactions (synthesis, displacement, decomposition, combustion), and mastering mass-mole-particle conversions. Understand empirical vs. molecular formulas, limiting reagents, and stoichiometry problems. Delve into concentration calculations, net ionic equations, dilutions, and the behavior of acids and bases. Finally, review gas relationships and the Kinetic-Molecular Theory for a well-rounded understanding. Be prepared to excel!

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Essential Chemistry Concepts for Success in Your Exam

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Things to definitely know for your exAM

  2. Periodic Trends • The names of the four we looked at • How to explain at least one of your own choosing

  3. Chemical Reactions • Classifying the main types: synthesis, single displacement, double displacement, decomposition, combustion • Creating them given a word equation • How to use solubility rules • How to determine the products given the reactants only – ESPECIALLY double displacement!

  4. Mass-Mole-Particle Conversions • These need to be second nature! m-n-p • Calculations for molar mass, converting moles to mass, mass to particles and back Empirical/Molecular Formulas • Calculations given percent composition • Know the difference between the two types of formula and be able to explain! Calculating Percent Composition

  5. Stoichiometry Problems • Convert mass to moles first • If given the mass of two reactants, find limiting reagent (solve for product TWICE) • Use limiting reagent to find mass of product • Use formula and given actual yield to calculate percent yield • Discuss possible errors in an experiment that can contribute to a less than 100% yield

  6. Concentration Calculations • HINT HINT: c = n/V is the most important • Know how to determine the concentration of an ion given the concentration of the entire compound

  7. Net Ionic Equations • Make a net ionic equation given reactants only – double displacement, balancing, include states, separate aqueous compounds into ions (with CHARGES), remove spectator ions

  8. Dilutions • What quantities change in a dilution? Which remain the same? (volume, concentration, moles of solute) • Calculations using c1V1 = c2V2

  9. Acids and Bases • Conjugate acid-base pairs – given the reactants only, determine the acid and base, products, and conjugate acid and base • Meaning of amphoteric • Calculating the pH of a solution (**especially review how to calculate the pH of a base!!!)

  10. Gas Relationships • How pressure, volume and temperature of gases are related (Charles’, Boyle’s and Gay-Lussac’s laws!!!) • Know the 5 assumptions of the Kinetic-Molecular Theory • Calculations, especially involving PV = nRT

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