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Understanding Ancient Indian Civilization: Key Vocabulary and Concepts

This guide delves into the rich history and vocabulary of Ancient India, exploring essential concepts such as the monsoon winds that shape its climate, the significance of the Himalayas and Hindu Kush mountains, and the Harappan civilization along the Indus River. It covers foundational elements of Indian society, including the caste system, karma, reincarnation, and the development of major religions like Brahmanism, Hinduism, and Buddhism. Additional highlights include the achievements in numerals, metallurgy, and astronomy, reflecting the profound impact of ancient Indian knowledge on the world.

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Understanding Ancient Indian Civilization: Key Vocabulary and Concepts

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  1. Ancient India Vocabulary Notes Climate & Geography Monsoon Seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons. Subcontinent Large landmass that is part of a continent but considered a separate region. (Below Asia, separated by mountains.)

  2. HimalayasHighest mountains in the world which stretch along India, separating India from China and the rest of Asia. Hindu KushMountain range to the northwest of India.

  3. HarappanAncient civilization that developed along the CivilizationIndus River. Sanskrit Most important language of Ancient India.

  4. Society Caste System Social class a person belongs to by birth. Karma The effects of good or bad actions on a person’s soul. Reincarnation Rebirth of a soul in another body; the only way to improve caste is to have good karma and then be reborn into a higher level. Brahmanism Early religion of the Aryans.

  5. Hinduism Developed from Brahmanism and has grown into the third largest religion in today’s world. Aryans People who invaded India from central Asia and developed the caste system and a belief system, Brahmanism, which led to Hinduism. BuddhismReligion that began in India and is based on the teachings of Siddhartha.

  6. SiddharthaFounder of Buddhism also known as the GautamaBuddha, or “enlightened one”. Nirvana State of perfect peace.. Dharma Collective teachings of Buddha, often represented by a wheel.

  7. Asoka Greatest Maurya king who began rule in 272B.C. Ahimsa Nonviolence Mohandas Ghandi 20th century Indian who helped lead his country to indenendence using nonviolence to resist British colonial rule.

  8. Indian Achievements Hindu-Arabic Numerals we use today that originated in Numerals India and were brought to the west by Arab trade. Metallurgy Metal Working Inoculation Injecting a person with a small dose of a virus to help build up defenses to a disease. Astronomy The study of the stars and planets.

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