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Understanding Material Balance in Gas Reservoir Depletion: Key Concepts and Calculations

The material balance equation for simple depletion elucidates the relationship between average reservoir pressure and cumulative gas production. It assumes negligible water and rock expansion, producing a straight-line plot of pressure-to-gas produced (p/Z vs. Gp) with a specific intercept and slope. This method estimates initial gas in place (IGIP) using historical data. However, incorporating factors like water expansion and aquifer influx complicates calculations and may require iterative solutions. These factors affect reservoir pressure decline and ultimate recovery rates, particularly in layered no-crossflow reservoirs.

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Understanding Material Balance in Gas Reservoir Depletion: Key Concepts and Calculations

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  1. The material balance for simple depletion defines the relation between average reservoir pressure and cumulative gas produced. • The straight-line MB assumes negligible water&rock expansion & aquifer influx. A plot of p/Z vs Gp (cum. gas produced) is a straight line with (pi/Zi) as intercept and slope given by (pi/Zi)/G, where G is the initial gas in place (IGIP). • An important use of the material balance is to estimate IGIP from historical pressure and cumulative production data. • When water expansion and/or aquifer encroachment are important, the material balance calculation is more complex and may require an iterative solution to find the fundamental relation between cumulative production and pressure. • Water expansion and water encroachment delay the decline in reservoir pressure due to gas production, resulting in sustained higher well deliverability (for a given Gp). Water breakthrough often marks the end of life for a gas well. For a number of reasons, the ultimate recovery may be lower for reservoirs with strong aquifers. • Layered no-crossflow reservoirs show an early drop in p/Z followed by a longer period of slowly-decreasing (near-constant) p/Z.

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