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Detection and study of supernovae with the 4m International Liquid Mirror Telescope

Detection and study of supernovae with the 4m International Liquid Mirror Telescope. BRAJESH KUMAR University of Liège, Belgium ARIES, Nainital, India. OUTLINE:. HISTORY BASIC CONCEPTS OF LMTs ILMT Introduction

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Detection and study of supernovae with the 4m International Liquid Mirror Telescope

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  1. Detection and study of supernovae with the 4m International Liquid Mirror Telescope BRAJESH KUMAR University of Liège, Belgium ARIES, Nainital, India

  2. OUTLINE: • HISTORY • BASIC CONCEPTS OF LMTs • ILMT Introduction Science with ILMT • SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT • CONCLUSIONS

  3. History of Liquid Mirrors • First concept - Ernesto Capocci - 1850 • First working laboratory LMT- 0.35 m Henry Skey- 1872 Dunedin Observatory, New Zealand • Robert Wood – 1909 John Hopkins University • ErmannoBorra & Paul Hickson- 1982 Laval University, Canada University of British Columbia, Canada

  4. Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors: y x  Ac x Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac A A A A A A g g g g g g

  5. Parabola : ideal optical system • Constant gravity (g) + Centrifugal Acceleration (w²x)  Parabolic surface • Why ?  Surface Acceleration Basic Concepts of Liquid Mirrors:

  6. Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors: • Liquids as mirror: Mercury, Gallium, Rubidium, Cesium • Mercury: It is liquid above -38.8˚C Reflectivity :79% - 90% (3100 – 13000 ) Inexpensive Surface oxide layer prevents toxic mercury vapors

  7. Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors Detector : CCD camera Time Delay Integration for zenithaltelescopes: • Tracking by electronicallystepping the charges on the CCD • Rate of transfer of charges betweenrows of CCD equal to sidereal rate

  8. INTERNATIONAL LIQUID MIRROR TELECOPE • Mirror diameter: 4m • Rotation period: 8 sec • Focal length: 8m – f/2 • Resolution: 0.6’’ • FOV: 24’x24’ • CCD: 4096x4096 pixels (15 mm pixels) • Filters: i’ , r’ , g’ (i’ permanently mounted) (i’=762.5 nm, r’=623.1 nm, g’=477 nm) • Working temperature: -20˚C to 25˚C • Life expectancy: 5 years (Surdej et al. 2006)

  9. Upper end CCD Camera Corrector Alignment mechanisms Structure Container Bearing Motor 3-point mount Mirror

  10. DIFFERENT PARTS OF ILMT Vertical fixed structure focal length = 8 m Carbon fiber container (d=4m) Air bearing and motor

  11. Taking parabolic shape SPIN CASTING OF ILMT: Mixing of polyurethane Pouring of polyurethane Final mirror shape

  12. INTERNATIONAL LIQUID MIRROR TELESCOPE • Collaborating countries: Belgium, Canada, India • Location : Devsthal, India 79⁰ 41’ East, 29⁰ 23’ N • Altitude : ~ 2400 m • Expected first light: September 2010 Devsthal Nainital

  13. SCIENCE WITH ILMT • Supernovae • Variable objects • Gravitational lenses • Study of galaxies • Data base for follow up

  14. SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT SNe search and related problems • Local SNe are rare • Sample of galaxies • Frequency and magnitude of observations • Instruments/techniques The answer is ILMT

  15. SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT ILMT: sky strip=24ˊ galactic latitude~ 30˚ total observed area=146 sq. deg. extragalactic region=72 sq. deg.

  16. Integration time single pass t=1.37 * *n w/f cos(lat) n=number of pixels w= width of pixel f= focal length lat=latitude of the observatory ILMT integration time ~ 100 seconds Limiting magnitude (100 seconds)=22.5 Co-addition will increase the limiting magnitude

  17. SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT Supernovae detection : (0.3<z<0.5) Type Ia 1000 Core collapse 3600 SNe Ib/c 1080 Bright SN Ib/c 216 (Pain et al. 1996, Dahlen et al. 2004 , Cappellaro et al. 1999, Strogler et al. 2004)

  18. O-IR telescopes, additional benefit • For any transient event recognized by ILMT, the 3.6m telescope will be used for further photometric and spectroscopic studies.

  19. CONCLUSIONS • ILMT will scan 24’x24’ of sky and detect many stellar objects. • It will provide unique data base for large conventional telescopes. • Thousands of supernovae will be detected ( both type Ia and core collapse) using ILMT. • More light on classification of Supernovae. • About GRB supernovae relation

  20. THANKS http://www.aeos.ulg.ac.be/LMT

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