Priority Areas for Conservation of Biodiversity in Brazilian Amazon

1. Priority Areas for Conservation of Biodiversity in Brazilian Amazon

2. History • First Map of Brazilian Government was made in 1999 • For all biomes simultaneously (different teams) • Based entirely in expert knowledge

3. Method: thematic maps summed

4. Importance • Presidential Decree signed in 2004 • More rigourous criteria for licencing • Updates should be made in up to 10 years or when new data or methodology justifies reviewing

6. Update • November 2005 • Workshop for Methodology • December 2005 • Approval of Methodology by CONABIO • 2006 • Updates for all biomes (Amazonia, Pantanal, Caatinga, Cerrado, Mata Atlântica e Pampa) • For the Amazon biome the process started in August

7. Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas

8. Planning process in Brazil Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas

9. Scoping and Goals • Boundaries: 2004 IBGE map of biomes • Coordination by MMA • Conservation and Sustainable Use • Strong stakeholder participation • Features and targets defined independently for each biome

10. Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas

11. Involving Stakeholders & Gathering Information • Lists of participants and logistics were made by ARPA • ARPA is the Protected Areas Program for Amazon region • It supports 57 Protected Areas in Amazon, by funding infrastructure and monitoring programs • It also helps to create and implementing new areas

12. Involving Stakeholders & Gathering Information • People from Academic institutions, Government, NGOs and other civil organizations • Invited to participate and to bring relevant information • Invited to choose in which stages they would like to be involved

13. BASE • FONTE/PROP FUNÇÂO NO PROCESSO • Biomas Brasileiros • IBGE Define a área de trabalho • Terras Indígenas • FUNAI UP • Unidades de Conservação • MMA • Espécies Primatas e Lagartos • CI Distribuição de espécies • Ecorregiões (PROBIO) • MMA • Definição de unidade ambiental • Ecorregioes_WWF2006 • WWF • Sistemas Ecologicos • TNC/NATURESERVE • Geomorfologia, geologia, vegetação e solos (1:250.000) • SIPAM • Vegetação, geomorfologia, geologia, solos (1: 2.500.000) • IBGE/CSR-IBAMA • Base de vegetação consolidada em 34 classes (1: 2.500.000) • Bruce Nelson INPA • Chuva anual 1x1 km • WORLDCLIM • Duração e intensidade da estação seca na Amazônia Legal (Walsh) • Bruce Nelson INPA • Relevo 1x1 km • SRTM/WORLDCLIM • Temperatura mínima anual 1x1 km • WORLDCLIM • Hidrografia (1:250.000) • SIPAM • Sistemas aquáticos • Hidrografia (1:1.000.000) • ANA • Bacias e Sub bacias • ANA • Hydrosheds_2006 • WWF • Cenários Ameaças • B. Soares UFMG • Análise de ameaça • Densidade Demográfica (Localidades IBGE) • TNC • Densidade demográfica (Imagem de luzes noturnas) • NOAA • Estradas • IBGE • Hidrelétricas atuais e planejadas • ANEEL • Remanescentes florestais • MMA-PROBIO Análise de integridade • Áreas Prioritárias – Consulta Macapá • MMA Demandas a serem avaliadas nos Seminários Regionais • Demanda de extrativistas para a criação de áreas de uso sustentável • ISA Proposta de criação de Ucs em várzea ao longo do Amazonas/Solimões • PROVARZEA • Biota Pará • MUSEU GOELDI-CI • Espécies endêmicas do Pará, a serem analisadas no Seminário Regional

14. Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas

15. Planning process in Amazon • The first meeting aimed features and target definition • 111 people- about 50% experts, 25% Government and 25% civil organizations (rubber tapper, indigenous, etc) • Aiming to produce an irreplaceability map during the meeting (Monday to Friday).

16. Producing the map • Defining features (working groups) • To define which features/processes/services should be represented • To select better information to represent them • To define the best way to combine information when needed • General approval about features definition • Defining targets (thematic working groups) • Discuss criteria for quantification • Setting targets • Presentation of the map and final discussion

17. Smaller Scientific Meetings • At INPA, Museu Goeldi and SBPC • Destined to improve target definition • Allowed to change targets, but not features included

19. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

20. 49 Vegetation types 1:250.000

21. 15 Interfluvial Regions Ayres & Clutton Brock 1992; Haffer 1992

22. 7 Geology classes (age)

23. Vegetation x Interfluvial regions x Geological Age = 511 habitat types

24. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

25. Targets 30% for heads and cascades 20% for others 299 Level 3 basins

26. Rivers- buffers of 10 km around main rivers x level 3 basins Target = 60%

27. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (Primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

28. Sousa Jr & CI Targets 100% 3 million ha 20% Primates (95 spp) Only Genus Mico represented

29. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

30. Target 20% 3 valuable species (fiber, seed, wood)

31. Target 20% Flooded forests (mostly for fishing)

32. Target 20% Dense forests in flat areas (for forestry)

33. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

34. Endemism Centres- Butterflies Papilionini Targets Manaus-Guiana 10% Others 15% Tyler, H. A., Brown Junior, K. S. and Wilson, K. H. (1994).

35. Endemism Centres- Birds Targets Guiana, Inambari, Rondonia & Tapajós 10% Others 15% Cracraft 1985

36. Features and Targets • Terrestrial habitats • Aquatic habitats • Species distribution (primates) • Sustainable use • Processes: endemic centres • Services: climate change

37. Target 20% Forest cover in critical area

38. Annual Precipitation 1 mm < P < 5 mm Sea Breezes Instability lines SACZ Obregon 2001

39. Salazar et. al 2007

40. Irreplaceability map

41. Best Solution

42. Planning process in Amazon Stage 1. Scoping and costing the planning process Stage 2. Identifying and involving stakeholders Stage 3. Identifying the context for conservation areas Stage 4. Identifying conservation goals Stage 5. Gathering and evaluating data Stage 6. Setting conservation targets Stage 7. Reviewing target achievement in existing conservation areas Stage 8. Selecting additional conservation areas Stage 9. Implementing conservation action Stage 10. Maintaining and monitoring established conservation areas

43. Selection and Context • Entirely made by people (without using software) • 2 Regional Meetings (~120 participants each) • Participants were Government (~50%), social and environmental organizations (~35%), academic (~15%) • 1 Indigenous meeting (~70 participants) • Indigenous representatives (~40%), indigenous organizations (~15%), academic (~20%), and Government (~20%)

44. Selection and Context • It was oriented to use irreplaceability map and proposed solution as guidance, and to define IMPORTANCE of selected areas. • A map with deforestation model (Soares et al 2006) was suggested as a guidance for threat level, and to help to define URGENCY of implementation of actions • Boundaries of selected areas were defined with help of other databases such as basins, cities, towns, and existing protected areas • Actions needed were defined based on characteristics of the area, opportunities, and threats. All this information was stored in a databank

49. Existing Protected Areas

50. Existing + Proposed Protected Areas