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RESEARCH DESIGN (PART 1)

RESEARCH DESIGN (PART 1). DR SITI ROHAIDA BINTI MOHAMED ZAINAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT ctrohaida@yahoo.com. Overview of Research Process. Preliminary Data Gathering. Identifying Research Problem. Research Questions & Research Objectives. Literature Review. What are the symptoms or

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RESEARCH DESIGN (PART 1)

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  1. RESEARCH DESIGN(PART 1) DR SITI ROHAIDA BINTI MOHAMED ZAINAL SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT ctrohaida@yahoo.com

  2. Overview of Research Process Preliminary Data Gathering Identifying Research Problem Research Questions & Research Objectives Literature Review What are the symptoms or indicators Develop Theoretical/Research Framework Analysis And findings Hypothesis development Research Design Method Sampling Unit of analysis Data collection method Development of hypothesis

  3. What is research methodology? • The way or approach you want to conduct the study in order : • To solve the problem. • To answer your research questions. • To meet your research objectives. • QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

  4. Unit of Analysis • Individual • Group • Organization • Unit • Country • Dyad

  5. Types of Research Design • Three traditional categories of research design: • Exploratory • Descriptive • Causal • The choice of the most appropriate design depends largely on the objectives of the research and how much is known about the problem and these objectives.

  6. Basic Research Objectives and Research Design Research Objective Appropriate Design To gain background information, to define terms, to clarify Exploratory problems and develop hypotheses, to establish research priorities, to develop questions to be answered To describe and measure marketing phenomena at a point Descriptive in time To determine causality, test hypotheses, to make “if-then” Causal statements, to answer questions

  7. How Valid Are Experiments? • An experiment is valid if: • the observed change in the dependent variable is, in fact, due to the independent variable (internal validity) • if the results of the experiment apply to the “real world” outside the experimental setting (external validity)

  8. The Time Dimension Cross-sectional Longitudinal

  9. The Research Environment Field conditions Lab conditions Simulations

  10. Secondary Data Analysis Experience Surveys Focus Groups Common Exploratory Techniques

  11. Descriptive Studies Descriptions of population characteristics Estimates of frequency of characteristics Discovery of associations among variables

  12. Causal Studies Symmetrical Reciprocal Asymmetrical

  13. Group Interviews Focus Groups Observation Ethnography Case Studies Action Research Grounded Theory Qualitative Research Data Collection Techniques

  14. Data Sources People Organizations Texts Environments Events and happenings Artifacts/ media products

  15. RESEARCH ISSUE – QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE?

  16. Distinction between Qualitative & Quantitative Theory Building Theory Testing

  17. Qualitative Understanding Interpretation Quantitative Description Explanation Focus of Research

  18. Qualitative High Participation-based Quantitative Limited Controlled Researcher Involvement

  19. Qualitative Non-probability Purposive Small sample Quantitative Probability Large sample Sample Design and Size

  20. Qualitative Longitudinal Multi-method Quantitative Cross-sectional or longitudinal Single method Research Design

  21. Project’s purpose Researcher characteristics Schedule Types of participants Budget Topics Choosing a Qualitative Method Factors

  22. Qualitative Interview General sampling rule: You should keep conducting interviews until no new insights are gained.

  23. Interview Formats Unstructured Semi-structured Structured

  24. Requirements for Unstructured Interviews Developed dialog Distinctions Probe for answers Interviewer creativity Interviewer skill

  25. The Interview Mode Individual Group

  26. Group Interview Modes Face-to-Face Telephone Online Videoconference

  27. Combining Qualitative Methodologies Case Study Action Research

  28. Communication Approaches Self- Administered Survey Telephone Interview Personal Interview

  29. Easy to read Offer clear directions Include personalization Notify in advance Encourage response Designing Questionnaires using the TDM

  30. Improving Response Rates • Advance notification • Reminders • Return directions and devices • Monetary incentives • Deadlines • Promise of anonymity • Appeal for participation

  31. Conducting an Experiment Specify the Experimental Treatment Specify treatment levels Control environment Choose experimental design Select and assign participants Pilot-test, revise, and test Collect data Analyze data

  32. Selecting and Assigning Participants Random assignment Matching

  33. Random Assignment

  34. Observation Physiological measures Paper-and-pencil tests Scaling techniques Self-administeredinstruments Measurement Options Options

  35. THE END

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