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CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA*

CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA*. by: Dr. Mochammad Amron **. * PRESENTED TO THE LAUNCHING OF IWRM GUIDELINES AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL, 5 th WORLD WATER FORUM IN ISTANBUL, MARCH 16 th 2009 ** FIRST ADVISOR TO MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS, INDONESIA-

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CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN, INDONESIA*

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  1. CHALLENGE OF BRANTAS RIVER BASIN,INDONESIA* by: Dr. Mochammad Amron ** *PRESENTED TO THE LAUNCHING OF IWRM GUIDELINES AT RIVER BASIN LEVEL, 5th WORLD WATER FORUM IN ISTANBUL, MARCH16th2009 ** FIRST ADVISOR TO MINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS, INDONESIA- CHAIRMAN OF NETWORK OF ASIAN RIVER BASIN ORGANIZATION

  2. OVERVIEW OF THE AREA Indonesia ARCHIPELAGO: 17500 Islands River Basin : 5590 rivers River Teritorry : 133 (total) National : 69 cross boundaries: 5 cross provinces : 27 strategic : 37 Province : 51 Regency : 13

  3. Description of Brantas River Basin • Basin Area : 11,800 km2 (25% of E. Java) • Population (2004) :15.5 million (43% of E. Java) • Average Rainfall : 2,000 mm/year • Water Potentials : 12 billion m3/year • River Length : 320 km Indonesia East Java Brantas River Basin East Java East Java Brantas River Basin Active volcanoes :Mt. Kelud & Mt. Semeru Covers : 9 regencies 5 municipalities

  4. THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES • as the main source of water for over 6 million • people in 1960 and become 15.5 million in 2004 • the river flows in 9 regencies, 5 municipalities • fertile deltas provide best place to plants food • crops especially paddy rice • the second largest city of Indonesia, capital city of • East Java Province Surabaya is located in the • down stream of the river • industries are also booming: require water supply • cities and industries also require adequate electricity that can be supplied from hydroelectric generation

  5. THE BRANTAS CHALLENGES (2) • as originated from active volcanoes it bears a potential • disaster of volcanic eruption, lava and mudflows • due to topographic condition where a winding clockwise • watercourse provide unique situation, frequent floods • occurs in the lower parts • floods and drought occurs annually due to lack of • adequate infrastructure to regulate water • how to save water during rainy season and release it • during dry season • In order to serve all aspect of water resources requires an effective water resources development and management

  6. Background of Integrated Development Concept Careful assessment of potential water resources, disaster reduction, energy generation, has to be conducted in integral manner, A comprehensive multipurpose project through development of dams and reservoir, river improvement to provide flood control, irrigation, power generation, and water supply Priority of development has to be set up, community development at the same time has also be strengthened, Change behavior of the community in the upstream, middle reach stream, and down stream posses another big challenges

  7. Background of Integrated Development Concept • Infrastructure development requires huge investment and long term commitment, • Coordination among sectors, regions and stakeholder requires strong institution, • Central Government has the major role in cooperation with local government, • Special project office had been set up within river basin boundaries, • Public involvement, through public consultation, public awareness and other campaign are among integral part of activities.

  8. PROJECT COST & COST RECOVERY CHALLENGES • Infrastructure requires huge investment and • long term commitment in investment cost • to accomplish series development of infrastructure • Beneficiaries pay principle, regulation and institutional • structures in collecting revenue has to be set up • Strong institution that can operate and maintain series of infrastructure should also been set up

  9. PROCESS AND ACTION • The Central Government has the major role in • The overall basin development • Foreign aid mainly form Japan provide assistance • in preparation and project execution • Initial overall development plan had been prepared • known as Brantas Plan 1958 • Priorities were selected within each development stage • Brantas development plan committed to: • “One River, One Plan, One Integrated Management”

  10. MASTER PLAN I (1961) IMPLEMENTATION (1962 - 1972) FLOOD CONTROL REVIEW IMPLEMENTATION (1973 - 1984) IRRIGATION MASTER PLAN II (1973) WATER PROBLEMS IN THE BASIN WATER RESOURCES OBJECTIVES REVIEW DOMESTIC & INDUSTRIAL WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN III (1985) IMPLEMENTATION(1984 - 2000) REVIEW MASTER PLAN IV (1998) IMPLEMENTA TION (1999 - 2020) MANAGEMENT & CONSERVATION OF WATER RESOURCES

  11. Development of Brantas Basin New Lengkong B (74) Selorejo Dam (72) Master Plan I (1961 - 1973) Master Plan II (1974 - 1985) Master Plan III (1986 - 2000) Total investment (1960-2001) : 8.6 trillions Rp. Bening Dam (84) Gunungsari B. (81) Waru-Turi B. (92) Menturus R.D (93) Wonorejo Dam (00) Jatimlerek R.D (93) T.Agung Tunnel (91) Wlingi Dam (78) Lodoyo Dam (83) Sutami Dam (72) Lahor Dam (77) Sengguruh Dam (88)

  12. WATER RESOURCES INFRASTRUCTURES • LARGE DAMS: • Selorejo Dam 1970 • Sutami Dam 1972 • Lahor Dam 1975 • Rubber Dams: • Gubeng 1990 • Jatimlerek 1993 • Menturus 1993 • Wlingi Dam 1978 • Bening Dam 1984 • Sengguruh Dam 1988 • Wonorejo Dam 2000 • Barrages: • New Lengkong 1974 • Gunungsari 1981 • Jagir (rehabilitation) 1981 • Lodoyo 1983 • Tulungagung gate 1986 • Wonokromo 1990 • Mrican 1992

  13. Beneficiaries Unit 2007 - Flood Control Inundated areas Relatively none in main stream - Irrigation Cropping Intensity 0.8 x / year 2.2 x / year (244%) - Electricity Million kWh/year 170 a) 1.100 (647%) - Domestic Million m3/year 73 b) 288 (395%) - Industry Million m3/year 50 c) 153 (306%) Development Benefits • 47 years since the development 1960 Flooding every year (60.000 ha) • Note: • Mendalan and Siman HEPP • Ngagel I dan II Domestic Water Treatment Plants • Sugar factories

  14. Utilization of Water in 2007 Irrigation Area= 304,000 ha (83,000 ha from main stream) Raw Water for Domestic Supply = 288 Mm3/year Electricity = 1.1 billion kWh/year Raw Water for Industries Supply =153 Mm3/year Maintenance Flow = 204 Mm3/year And Flood Control 50 years Return Period = 60,000 ha Fisheries = 41 Mm3/year

  15. LEGAL FRAMEWORK • Law No. 11/1974 Water Resources Development • (Based on 1936 “Water Law”): • Water resources Development & Management • should be based on River Basin/ Territory • Law No. 11/1974 had been amanded and become • Law No 7/2004 concerning Water Resources • Law 7/2004 provide a more decentralized system • The Law also regulate beneficiaries pay principle, • Water management fee and basic water rights. • Only Public Corporation can manage water resources commercially in a river basin

  16. Legal Basis Established by Government of Indonesia to manage Brantas River and its 39 tributaries, according to Government Regulation No. 5 of 1990. This regulation was amended by Government Regulation No. 93 of 1999. Then Presidential Decree No. 129 of 2000 stipulating additional basin of Bengawan Solo to be managed.

  17. PRESIDENT NWRC BAPPENAS M of State of Enterprise M of PW M of HARA DGWR NATIONAL DIRECTORATES GOVERNOR GOVERNOR PROVINCIAL sec PWRC PWRS PROV.BAPPEDA BBWS/TEU sec RBC/PJT I RBC BWRCs BWUs REGENCY AUTONOMOUS REGION BUPATI Structural activity Coordination activity M OF PW : MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS M of HARA : MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS & REGIONAL AUTONOMY DGWR : DIRECTORATE GENERAL PO WATER RESOURCES DWRS REGENCY NWRC : NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL BAPPEDA BWU : BASIN WATER OPERATION UNIT PWRC : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEE UPTD BWRC: BASIN WATER RESOURCES COMMITTEE PWRS : PROVINCIAL WATER RESOURCES SERVICE DWRS: DISTRICT WATER RESOURCES SERVICE REGIONAL STRUCTURE FOR RBC : RIVER BASIN CORPORATION (PJT –1) (BRANTAS) BWRM BAPPEDA : PLANNING BOARD

  18. REFORESTATION CONSERVATION TERRACING Scope of Water Resources Management Watershed Management CHECK DAM Action to preserve watershed and to control erosion and sedimentation in cooperation with related agencies CONSERVATION OF BRANTAS ORIGIN

  19. IRRIGATION DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY RESERVOIR OPERATION INDUSTRY Scope of Water Resources Management Water Quantity Management Action to provide water supply for all stakeholders in fair and transparent manner based on water allocation agreed by water resources management committee HEPP

  20. RAISING PUBLIC AWARENESS SAMPLING FIELD STUDY Scope of Water Resources Management Water Quality Management REPORTING RESULTS LABORATORY TEST Action to increase water quality gradually to meet standard

  21. MASTER STATION WATER LEVEL GAUGING RAINFALL GAUGING MITIGATION CONTROL DAM Scope of Water Resources Management Flood Control Action to control and mitigate flood in cooperation with related agencies

  22. WATER SPORT RIVER CLEANING Scope of Water Resources Management River Environment Management RIVER TOURISM RIVER TOURISM RESERVOIR TOURISM Action to maintain bio-diversity and to have benefit for sport, tourism activities etc.

  23. REHABILITATION OF TUNNEL RESERVOIR DREDGING Scope of Water Resources Management Water Resources Infrastructure Management RIVER DREDGING RIVETMENT REHABILITATION Action to maintain functions of infrastructures to meet its lifetime REHABILITATION OF WEIR

  24. INSTITUTIONAL SET UP • Provincial Water Resources Committee • Basin Water Resources Committee • Provincial Water Resources Services • Basin Water Operation Unit (under province) • Brantas Technical Executing Unit • (under central government) • Jasa Tirta Public Corporattion

  25. LESSON LEARNT • Within one river basin should have a clear and • comprehensive development and management plan • A consistent policy with political support to provide • enough financial support to plan, develop and manage • river basin • Stages of development is necessary since water • resources development requires a huge investment • Operation and Maintenance costs are also another • burden. Beneficiaries pay principle should be applied

  26. LESSON LEARNT (2) • Legal framework to provide support and legal basis • for activities has to be set up • A strong institutions to carry out activities as regulatory • body, operational bodies and/or developers • is necessary • A committee or Water Council where representative • of stakeholder could meet as water parliament • is important • Public involvement and awareness to support of • activities is one of the key success of development • A continuing effort to improve regulation, institutions, • development is necessary

  27. Thank you very much

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