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1930s

1930s. FDR & the New Deal. Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @ PagsAPUSH. A New Deal fights the Depression. New Deal-n-A series of economic relief programs approved by congress between 1933 and 1936. Part 1 Objectives.

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1930s

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  1. 1930s FDR & the New Deal Mr. Pagliaro Seymour High School @PagsAPUSH

  2. A New Deal fights the Depression New Deal-n-A series of economic relief programs approved by congress between 1933 and 1936.

  3. Part 1 Objectives • Summarize the initial steps Roosevelt took to reform banking and finance. • Describe New Deal work programs. • Identify critics of FDR's New Deal.

  4. New Deal Goals Criticized as creating a socialist economy • Direct federal aid for individuals • Provide the 3 Rs • Relief • Recovery • Reform • Restructure American capitalism • Deficit spending on public works • Revive economy

  5. FDR’S key for recovery… “Do something…”

  6. FDR’s Fireside Chats • FDR addressed the nation informally 31x • Calm the fears of Americans; “Good evening, Friends…” • New Deal address: • On the Bank Crisis - Sunday, March 12, 1933 • Outlining the New Deal Program - Sunday, May 7, 1933 • On the Purposes and Foundations of the Recovery Program - Monday, July 24, 1933 • On the Currency Situation - Sunday, October 22, 1933 • Review of the Achievements of the Seventy-third Congress - Thursday, June 28, 1934 • On Moving Forward to Greater Freedom and Greater Security - Sunday, September 30, 1934 • On the Works Relief Program - Sunday, April 28, 1935 • On Drought Conditions - Sunday, September 6, 1936 • On the Reorganization of the Judiciary - Tuesday, March 9, 1937 • On Legislation to be Recommended to the Extraordinary Session of the Congress - Tuesday, October 12, 1937 • On the Unemployment Census - Sunday, November 14, 1937 • On Economic Conditions - Thursday, April 14, 1938

  7. FDR’s First Hundred Days 1933

  8. The First Hundred Days • All of the following were addressed: • Restore public confidence in banks • Emergency Banking Act - FDIC • Creation of jobs in public sector • Raising farm prices: restricted production • Agricultural Adjustment Administration • Subsidies for fallow fields • Homeowner mortgage support • Internal improvement of rural areas

  9. First Hundred Days • The following programs were established: • Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) • National Recovery Administration (NRA) • Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) • Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

  10. Agricultural Adjustment Act • Raise farm prices – decrease production • Crop controls • Subsidies for not growing • Farmers “rented” unused land to Fed. • Outraged hungry Americans

  11. National Industrial Recovery ActJune, 1933 • Created by NRA • Fostered government-business cooperation: • Businesses self-regulated: • Created codes of fair competition • Guaranteed right of workers to form unions • Established Public Works Administration • NRA & NIRA declared unconstitutional, 1935.

  12. Civilian Conservation Corps • CCC employed unemployed youth • (+ remainder of Bonus Expedition Force) • $ sent home to family • Public works, conservation in gov’t owned rural land • Segregated

  13. CCC’s ten approved general classifications: • Structural Improvements: bridges, fire lookout towers, service buildings; • Transportation: truck trails, minor roads, foot trails and airport landing fields; • Erosion Control: check dams, terracing and vegetable covering; • Flood Control: irrigation, drainage, dams, ditching, channel work, riprapping; • Forest Culture: planting trees and shrubs, timber stand improvement, seed collection, nursery work; • Forest Protection: fire prevention, fire pre-suppression, fire fighting, insect and disease control; • Landscape and Recreation: public camp and picnic ground development, lake and pond site clearing and development; • Range: stock driveways, elimination of predatory animals; • Wildlife: stream improvement, fish stocking, food and cover planting; • Miscellaneous: emergency work, surveys, mosquito control

  14. Tennessee Valley Authority • May 1933-Modernized region w/: • floodcontrol • electricity generation • fertilizer • manufacturing • economic development • Currently serves 9 million in 7 states 1 of TVAs 48 hydoelectric dams

  15. Major Acts 1933-1935 • Repeal of Prohibition (21st Amendment) • National Housing Act (created FHA) • June 5, 1933 – End of Gold Standard • Indian Reorganization Act: • AKA Wheeler-Howard Act • Allowed tribal council to employ legal counsel • Prohibited tribal council from engaging any land transitions w/o approval of tribe • Authorized tribal council to negotiate with the Federal, State, and local governments

  16. The 2nd New Deal 1935-1936

  17. 2nd New Deal • Three goals: •  improved use of national resources • security against old age, unemployment and illness • national welfare program

  18. Social Security Act - 1935 • Federal pension system • Funded by taxed wages/employer contribution • Retirement age set  65 • Large aging population = threat to Soc. Sec. • Currently provides • Federal Old-Age (Retirement), Survivors, and Disability Insurance • Unemployment benefits • Temporary Assistance for Needy Families • Health Insurance for Aged and Disabled (Medicare) • Grants to States for Medical Assistance Programs (Medicaid) • State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) • Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

  19. Wagner Act - 1935 • Created after NIRA declared unconstitutional • Created National Labor Relations Board • Ensured workers’ rights to: • Unionize/organize/strike • Collective bargaining • Led to increased union membership * Didn’t apply to: agricultural employees, supervisors, public employees

  20. Works Progress Administration - 1935 • Public worksprojects • Built public buildings & roads • operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects • fed children • redistributed food, clothing, and housing • $7 Billion spent from 1936-1939 Sec. of Commerce, Harry Hopkins

  21. WPA Mural from Torrington • Recognize anyone?

  22. The New Deal: The Works Progress Administration Mr. Montuori & Ms. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY

  23. The WPA “Dollar”

  24. WPA: The Federal Arts Project

  25. Artists of the WPA

  26. Kansas Cityfrom Politics, Farming, & the Law Thomas Hart Benton,1936

  27. The Annual Moveby Otis Dozier, 1936

  28. Construction of the Damby William Gropper

  29. WPA: The Federal Music Project

  30. WPA: The Federal Theater Project

  31. WPA: The Federal Writers Project

  32. WPA Bookbinding

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