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TRANSITION METALS E x p l a i n i n g c o l o u r

TRANSITION METALS E x p l a i n i n g c o l o u r. Using the key words: Absorbed , transmitted and reflected explain the colours in each of the following:. Use these 6 pictures to work out the three factors that affect the colour of a transition metal compound…. FeCl 2. MnCl 2. FeCl 2.

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TRANSITION METALS E x p l a i n i n g c o l o u r

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  1. TRANSITION METALS Explainingcolour Using the key words: Absorbed, transmitted and reflected explain the colours in each of the following:

  2. Use these 6 pictures to work out the three factors that affect the colour of a transition metal compound… FeCl2 MnCl2 FeCl2 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 FeCl3

  3. Use these 6 pictures to work out the three factors that affect the colour of a transition metal compound… FeCl2 MnCl2 FeCl2 FeCl3 Fe(NO3)3 FeCl3

  4. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) 2NH3 4NH3

  5. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  6. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG BG [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  7. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  8. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  9. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  10. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  11. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq)

  12. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) Describe what happens to the average frequency of visible light absorbed as you increase the number of NH3 ligands…

  13. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) Describe what happens to the average frequency of visible light absorbed as you increase the number of NH3 ligands…

  14. Explaining the colour-ligand relationship RBG RBG BG B [Cu(H2O)6]2+(aq) [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4](s) [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+(aq) Describe what happens to the average frequency of visible light absorbed as you increase the number of NH3 ligands… The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3 ligands.

  15. Ligand field theory

  16. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently

  17. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes along the axes the energy is raised

  18. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes along the axes the energy is raised

  19. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes along the axes the energy is raised When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes between the axes the energy is lowered

  20. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes along the axes the energy is raised When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes between the axes the energy is lowered

  21. Ligand field theory The negative charge due to the lone pair affects the orbitals energy differently When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes along the axes the energy is raised When ligands approach orbitals that have lobes between the axes the energy is lowered • SUMMARY • When the 5 d-orbitals are free of ligands they are of equal energy (degenerate) • When the d-orbitals are surrounded by ligands the energy is split. • Two orbitals are higher in energy and three orbitals are lower.

  22. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  23. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  24. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. What is the electron configuration of a Cu2+ ion? (spdf notation)

  25. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  26. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  27. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  28. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  29. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. Ammonia is a stronger base that water. Predict the effect that this will have on the energy difference between the spit orbitals…

  30. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  31. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  32. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  33. What happens next? Many sources explain that the electron de-excites and re-emits light. The problem with this is that the same frequency of light would be emitted as was absorbed in the first place and no net absorption would take place so the compound would be colourless. Other mechanisms of de-excitation are being investigated such as collisional de excitation The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  34. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  35. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. Energy

  36. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  37. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  38. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  39. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. Energy

  40. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands.

  41. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. Absorbed high frequency Absorbed low frequency

  42. The average frequency of visible light absorbed INCREASES when you substitute H2O ligands with NH3ligands. Absorbed high frequency Absorbed low frequency

  43. General rule of colour of aqueous octahedral complexes The more ligand molecules that are stronger lewis bases The colour shifts towards the high frequency / high energy end of the spectrum

  44. Example question

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