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The human brain

"One brain, two languages--educating our bilingual students in the light of Neuroscience“ Dr. Luz Mary Rincon. The human brain. Cerebral Cortex. Reception of spoken and written language. Brain Hemispheres. Cerebral Hemispheres. Connected by corpus collusumw. Right hemisphere. Processes

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The human brain

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  1. "One brain, two languages--educating our bilingual students in the light of Neuroscience“Dr. Luz Mary Rincon

  2. The human brain

  3. Cerebral Cortex

  4. Reception of spoken and written language

  5. Brain Hemispheres

  6. Cerebral Hemispheres Connected by corpus collusumw

  7. Right hemisphere Processes • Creativity, patterns, spatial awareness and context; awareness of second language learning; dominance for procession of intonation (Sheila Humstein) Functions • Connected to left side of the body • Processes information more diffusely and simultaneously • Responsible for relational and mathematical operations • Specializes in recognizing places, faces, objects, and nonverbal skills—music, visual, functions, artistic ability • Responsible for emotional and social needs; the seat of passion and dreams • Responsible for gestures, facial movements, and body language • understanding and remembering things we do and see • putting bits of information together to make an entire picture

  8. Left hemisphere Processes • Speech, analysis, time, sequence Functions • Responsible for language acquisition and ability to speak languages; • Processes information in a linear and sequential manner • Responsible for verbal expression, language functions and capacity to use language meaningfully; • Responsible for invariable and arithmetic operations; • Specializes in recognizing words and numbers; • Does logical and analytical thinking; • memory for spoken and written messages; • detailed analysis of information.

  9. Aphasias Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah I called my mother on the television and did not understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for me to be young

  10. Aphasia loss or impairment of the ability to produce and/or comprehend language, due to brain damage

  11. Aphasias Yes... ah... Monday... er... Dad and Peter H... (his own name), and Dad.... er... hospital... and ah... Wednesday... Wednesday, nine o'clock... and oh... Thursday... ten o'clock, ah doctors... two... an' doctors... and er... teeth... yah • Left frontal lobe lesion—Broca’s aphasia • Left posterior lobe lesion— Wernicke’s aphasia I called my mother on the television and did not understand the door. It was too breakfast, but they came from far to near. My mother is not too old for me to be young

  12. Brain Lateralization • Specialization of the functions of each cortical hemisphere as the brain matures • Krashen, 1973, lateralization is complete by age five; • Lenneberg, 1967, around pubertyñ • Scover, 1984), emergence of lateralization at birth, quite evident at five, and completed, only evident, at about puberty. Critical Age Hypothesis • Biologically determined period of life when language can be acquired more easily and beyond which time language is increasingly difficult to acquire

  13. fMRI Functional Magnetic Resonance imaging method used to visualize neurons; it measures changes in blood flow in the brain P value probability of a false-positive result equal to or less than

  14. Left Hemisphere: Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, central role in language functions

  15. Spatial separation in Broca’s area in late bilinguals

  16. Spatial separation in Broca’s area in late bilinguals

  17. Spatial separation in Broca’s area in late bilinguals

  18. Spatial separation in Broca’s area in late bilinguals

  19. Activity of Wernicke’s area in early bilingual

  20. Activity in Brodman’s 44 in late bilinguals

  21. Activity in Wernicke’s area in late bilinguals

  22. Overlapping in activation of Broca’s area in early bilinguals

  23. Overlapping in activation of Broca’s area in early bilinguals

  24. Overlapping in activation of Broca’s area in early bilinguals

  25. Overlapping in activation of Broca’s area in early bilinguals

  26. First vs second languages and the role of Broca’s area

  27. Cognitive growth is an essential synergy in human development

  28. Higher level cognitive processesUsing critical thinking exercises extends the child’s ability to read, think, reason, and process information in a more coherent and clearwayThe higher the level of thinking, the more abstract and complex the task is

  29. Cognitive skills encompass different types of processes: • Classifying • Discriminating between real and fantasy/make-believe, between fact and opinion • Distinguishing abstract from concrete, true and false • Summarizing, outlining

  30. Comparing and contrasting • Identifying structure, steps in a process, parts of a story, relationships • Identifying main ideas • Ordering objects (facts, ideas) • Estimating • Predicting, inferring

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