1 / 60

Crime in America

Crime in America. Chapter 1 The Study of Crime. Perception of Crime. Media 1. Distortion 2. Consequences. Social Scientists. Domain of Study Parameters Norms & Values Laws Sanctions. Characteristics of Crime. Social Harm Deviance Criminal Intent Mens rea Mala prohibita

damon-watson
Télécharger la présentation

Crime in America

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Crime in America Chapter 1 The Study of Crime

  2. Perception of Crime Media 1. Distortion 2. Consequences

  3. Social Scientists • Domain of Study • Parameters • Norms & Values • Laws • Sanctions

  4. Characteristics of Crime • Social Harm • Deviance • Criminal Intent • Mens rea • Mala prohibita • Strict liability • Excuses • Justifications

  5. Juvenile Delinquency • Adjudicated delinquent • Criminal behavior • Status offense • Adjudication • Filing • Results • In re Gualt • Annual Report

  6. Comparative Historical Biographical Patterns Criminal history Cohorts study Surveys Experiments Observations Mathematical models Integrated models Strategies of Criminal Justice Research

  7. Crime in AmericaChapter 2 Measuring Crime

  8. The age of enlightenment Cesare Beccaria(1738-1794) Essay on crime and punishment Rational thought Consequences Free Will Harm to Society Role of Judges Deterrence Classical Criminology

  9. Maps and charts Crime data Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) Initial applications Initial conclusions Cartography

  10. Elimination of Free will Scientific neutrality Crime or Criminal Ceasare Lombroso(1835-1909) Enrico Ferri(1856-1929) Raffaele Garofalo(1852-1934) Positivism

  11. Official Crime Statistics • Reported Crime • Agency Responsible • Crime Index • Part I • Part II

  12. Crimes against a person Murder Forcible Rape Aggravated assault Robbery Crimes against property Burglary Grand Theft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Part I Index Crimes

  13. Crime rates Prevalence Incidence Police response Proactive Reactive Clearance Non-reporting Recording practices Political atmosphere Policy implications Official Crime Reporting

  14. Victimization Data • The Dark Figure of Crime • NCVS • Methodical Issues • Source • Size • External Validity • Internal Validity

  15. Crime in AmericaChapter 3 • Crime and It’s Cost

  16. Conventional White Collar Organized Victimless Crimes against the person Crimes against property Types of Crime

  17. Types of Cost • Direct loss • Transfer of property • Criminal violence costs • Illegal expenditures • Enforcement costs • Prevention & protection costs

  18. Distribution of Crime • Violence • Property • Race • Gender • Relationship

  19. Murder Forcible rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny-theft Motor vehicle theft Arson Fraud Vandalism Organized crime White collar crime Victimless crime Drug use Gambling Prostitution Specific Crimes

  20. Fear of Crime • Economic response • Social response

  21. Crime in AmericaChapter 4 Dimensions of Crime

  22. Economic development Murder rates Non-lethal offenses Cultural influences Heterogenic Homogenic Cross-National

  23. Regional Variations

  24. United States Size Density Economic development Multi-national Cultural issues Social process Economic development Variations by Community

  25. Concentric Zone Theory Factory Zone f Zone of Transition Workingmen’s Homes Zone ResidentialZone Commuter Zone

  26. Ecology of Crime • Rodney Starks • Urban neighborhood • Deviance • Density • Poverty • Mixed used • Transient • Dilapidation • Broken Window Syndrome

  27. Triad Location of crime Residence of offender Residence of victim White Collar Crime Dyad Location of crime Residence of offender Geography of Crime

  28. National Seasonal Typology Young Male Single Family ties The American Experience Thomas Sellin Culture Conflict & Crime Inter-generational Migration and Crime

  29. Seasonal Variations in Crime • Winter • Spring • Summer • Fall

  30. Uniform Crime Report National Crime Victimization Survey Annual Variations in Crime

  31. Offender Adult Juvenile Victim Adult Juvenile Gender Variation

  32. Crime in AmericaChapter 5 Biological & Psychological Explanation

  33. Physiognomies Phrenologists Early Scientific Contributions

  34. Charles Goring The English Convict Methodology Conclusion Earnest Hooton American Anthropologist Influences Organic status Conclusion Response to Lombroso

  35. Father of Criminology • Ceasare Lombroso • Atavism • Born criminal • Out of time • Physical characteristics

  36. Charles Goring The English Convict Challenged methodology Conclusion Earnest Hooton American anthropologist Influences Organic status Conclusion Response to Lombroso

  37. Somatotyes • William Sheldon • Integrated theory • Biological & Psychological • Endomorphs • Ectomorphs • Mesomorphs • Juvenile application

  38. Biological Researchon Crime • Variables of vulnerabilities • Twin studies • Identical • Fraternal • Concordance rate • Nature vs. Nurture

  39. Additional Biological Theories • XYY Chromosome • Super-male • Gender distinctions • Cultural influences • Premenstrual syndrome • Aggression—Violence • “The chicken or the egg ?” • Biochemical factors • Learning disabilities • ADHD

  40. Contemporary Applicationsof Biological Theories • Volumes of research • Political application • Social challenges • Environmental influences • General application

  41. Psychological Explanation of Crime • Intelligence and Crime • Standardize testing • Comparative analysis • Intelligence and class structure • Policy and social implications

  42. Personality and Crime • Criminal personality • Typology • Thought patterns • Situational response • Clinical application

  43. Self-Discipline & Crime • Social controls • Self-control • Instigation to aggression • Contextual effect • Simplistic psychosocially • Consequences

  44. Aggressiveness & Crime • Habit strength • Inhibitors against aggression • Stimulus factors • Competition

  45. Specific Criminal Personalities • Homicidal Children • Typology • Influences • Rapists • Exploitative • Compensatory • Displace anger • Sadistic

  46. Personality Inventories • MMPI • Psychopathic deviate scale • Schizophrenia scale • Hypomania scale • Justice Model scale

  47. Antisocial Personality Disorder Conduct Disorder Typology Clinical application Schizophrenia Mood Disorder Propensity for crime De-institutionaliza-tion Specific Mental Disorders

  48. Psychology & Criminal Law • Insanity Standard • M’Naughten • Brawner Rule • Substantial Capacity Test • Insanity Defense Reform Act • Guilty But Mentally ill

  49. Crime in AmericaChapter 6 Social Cultural, and Economic Sources of Crime

  50. Free Enterprise • White Collar Crime • Situational Entrepreneur • Pursuit of profit • Competition • Comparative analysis • Capitalistic • Socialist

More Related