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Atomic Theory and Structure

Dive into the fundamentals of atomic theory with insights from historical figures like Democritus and John Dalton. Learn about the smallest particles of elements, their discovery, and the structure of atoms that make up everything around us. From Dalton's theories on indivisible particles to modern insights into subatomic components—protons, neutrons, and electrons—explore how these particles come together in an atom's nucleus and how their interactions lead to chemical reactions.

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Atomic Theory and Structure

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  1. Atomic Theory and Structure Mr. Lambert Rossview High School

  2. First Things First… • What is an atom?? • Smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction. • An atom is an element. What comprises an atom is a non-element. • How did we discover the atom?

  3. Democritus’s Atomic Philosophy • Suggested the existence of atoms. • Believed, incorrectly, that atoms were indivisible and indestructible. • Why was it incorrect? • Not based on evidence, experiments or scientific method

  4. Dalton’s Atomic Theory • John Dalton • Dalton’s Atomic Theory • All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms. • Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element. • Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds. • Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of one element, however are never changed into atoms of another element as a result of a chemical reaction.

  5. Dalton’s Atomic Theory • This graph may help you more fully understand: • Text pg.102

  6. Properties of the Atom • Extremely small • Generally 5x10-11m • Can still be seen through certain microscopes • Scanning Tunneling Microscopes

  7. Pair Share • With the person sitting next to you, ask yourselves these questions: • What is Dalton’s Atomic Theory? • How does an element relate to atoms?

  8. The STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM-Sub-Atomic Particles • Dalton was not completely correct. • Atoms are actually DIVISIBLE. • These smaller particles do not exhibit elemental behavior and are the same in all atoms of all the elements. • Proton, Neutron, Electron

  9. Electrons • e- • Negative charge of 1 • 1/1840 mass of proton • J.J. Thomson • Cathode Ray Tube • Identified negative particle • Robert Millikan • Charge to Mass ratio of e- • # of electrons = # of protons

  10. Protons • p+ • Positive charge of 1 • 1 amu = 1.67 x 10-24 g • Always equals the number of e- • Atomic Number = # of p+

  11. Neutrons • n0 • Neutrally charged particles • Mass equal to that of a proton • # of n0 = amu - protons

  12. So where are they? • Where are sub-atomic particles in an atom? • Atomic Nucleus • Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment • Rutherford Atomic Model • Protons and Neutrons in center nucleus • Electrons are distributed around the nucleus. • Nucleus- tiny central core of an atoms and is composed of protons and electrons.

  13. Review Video • www.brightstorm.com/map/134

  14. Homework: • Analytical Comparison of protons, neutrons, electrons, and atomic nuclear theory. • Typed 1 pg response • Read 4.3 in text.

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